#summermanagement – Vprint Infotech https://www.vprintinfotech.com Magazine Tue, 14 May 2024 11:04:20 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.7.2 https://www.vprintinfotech.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/logo-feb-150x150.jpg #summermanagement – Vprint Infotech https://www.vprintinfotech.com 32 32 Phytogenic Feed Additives Intervention: Mitigating Heat Stress in Poultry Birds https://www.vprintinfotech.com/phytogenic-feed-additives-intervention-mitigating-heat-stress-in-poultry-birds/ https://www.vprintinfotech.com/phytogenic-feed-additives-intervention-mitigating-heat-stress-in-poultry-birds/#respond Tue, 14 May 2024 10:59:06 +0000 https://www.vprintinfotech.com/?p=6192 Phytogenic Feed Additives Intervention: Mitigating Heat Stress in Poultry Birds

Dr.Partha P. Biswas
M.Sc.,Ph.D.,F.Z.S.,F.Z.S.I.
Former Asso. Professor & H.O.D.,
Dept. of Zoology, R.K.Mission V.C.College,
Kolkata ,W.Bengal.
Senior Consultant, Aqua-Vet inputs,
Fin-O-Wing Formulations, Kolkata-700084

The chicken industry is becoming more vulnerable to environmental shifts, particularly high temperatures. Open-sided poultry species are susceptible to heat stress, negatively impacting growth and productivity. Factors determining heat stress include temperature radiation, humidity, metabolic rate, age, and duration. Modern commercial broilers are more sensitive to heat stress, making understanding and controlling environmental conditions crucial for poultry production and health. High temperatures in birds reduce antioxidant capacity, requiring food handling and expensive cooling. Understanding and controlling environmental conditions is crucial for poultry production and health.

Thermoregulatory Device in Chicken
Unlike mammals, birds do not have sweat glands, but they have developed a number of behavioral adaptations to cope with heat, including increased breathing rate, panting and raised wings. Commercial poultry prioritize high production, making broilers more sensitive to environmental stresses, and affecting meat quality and immune problems. Under conditions of heat stress, metabolic heat increases, and the animal succumbs to hyperthermia. In summary, it can be concluded that high ambient temperature outside the thermoneutral region during the production phase has a bad effect on meat production, meat quality and causes serious immune problems in broilers.

Heat Shock Proteins of Poultry Birds During Heat Stress
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are stress proteins found in all living organisms that are activated by high environmental temperatures to protect cells from stressors such as heat. The 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) are a family of proteins known for their potential role in thermotolerance and widely regarded as cellular thermometers. Over expression of HSP70 has been observed under oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species scavenging and pulmonary endothelial protection against bacterial toxins. They keep cells in order by synthesizing other proteins, attract immune cells and participate in protein assembly and degradation. Higher HSP expression is associated with better heat tolerance and is produced by all living organisms in high temperature environments.

Effects of Heat Stress in Poultry Birds
Reduced voluntary feed intake which affects the functionality of the entire digestive system High environmental temperatures activate the hypothalamus–pituitary axis, brain-gut axis and elevate plasma corticosterone concentrations, affecting the digestive system’s functionality.


This leads to changes in motility, flux patterns, secretory activity, content viscosity and pH Generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and the efficacy of the antioxidant defense system deteriorate. Overproduction of ROS in mitochondria can damage proteins, lipids, and DNA Heat stress can impair the feeding process, nutrient absorption and utilization, although water intake increases rapidly Upregulation of adipokines secretion (leptin and adiponectin) and the expression of their receptors can negatively regulate feed intake and calorie consumption thus resulting in decreased metabolic heat production The decline in trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase (intestinal secretion) due to reduced feed intake often results in impairment of digestive functionality, nutrient digestibility Hypoperfusion and an increase in blood flow to the skin surface occur as an adaptive response of the circulatory system to stabilize blood pressure and promote heat loss It is known that heat challenge has an immune-suppressive effect.

Use of Dietary Phytochemicals to Reduce Heat Stress
Experimental studies on poultry birds suggest phytochemical ingestion may reduce heat stress effects. These phytochemicals can directly or indirectly influence genes and metabolic pathways, with stress reduction linked to antioxidant qualities.


Fig.3: The chicken’s response to being overheated. Chickens raised in high temperatures produce more reactive oxygen species and show signs of immunological inflammation in addition to consuming less food.

Mitigating Heat Stress Using Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG), A Secondary Metabolite in Green Tea

Green tea’s most prevalent catechin, EGCG, is thought to be its most bioactive ingredient and possesses potent antioxidant properties. The primary cause of heat stress-induced oxidative stress in poultry is damage to tissues and cells, which is mostly manifested in an increase in MDA (malondialdehyde) concentration in such tissues and cells. It has been demonstrated that adding the polyphenol EGCG to broilers housed in thermoneutral environments may increase their antioxidant capacity. Acutely heat-stressed broilers may have greater antioxidant capacity and less oxidative damage in their muscles because EGCG may activate the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Reducing Heat Stress in Broiler Chickens With Additional Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) and Onion (Allium Cepa)


Onion and its derivatives including saponins, aglycones, quercetin, cepaenes, flavonoids, organosulfurs, and phenolic compounds showed various pharmacological properties and therapeutic effects.When broilers are heat stressed, the combination of onion and ginger supplements increases the nutrition of the groups more than no supplementation.

According to research results, growth performance, carcass quality, antioxidant levels and immune system response of broilers are improved when fed 10 g of ginger and and 2.5 g of onion during heat stress. Ginger contains substances with powerful antibacterial and antioxidant properties, including chagaol, ginger diol and ginger diol. Ginger (2%) added to broilers suffering from heat stress significantly improved blood biochemical parameters and growth indicators compared to the control group.

Seeds of Black Cumin (Nigella Sativa) improve Bird’s Ability to Live in Heat-stressed Conditions

Black cumin seeds have been shown to have pharmacological and antibacterial properties and also contain drug-like compounds. The volatile oil (0.4-0.45%) contains saturated fatty acids, which include: nigellone, which is the only component of the carbonyl fraction. oil, thymoquinone (TQ), thymohydroquinone (THQ), dithymoquinone, thymol, carvacrol, α and β-pinene, d-limonene, d-citronellol, carvacrol, t-anethole, 4-terpineol and longifolin etc. Thymoquinone improves hatchability, pos-thatching performance and antioxidant activity of thermally stressed broiler embryos. Black cumin extract has been shown in trials to reduce serum MDA levels and protect against oxidative stress.

Hot Red Pepper (HRP) Reduces Heat Exhaustion in Birds


Ascorbic acid, or vitamin C, is abundant in capsaicin, a terpenoid found in HRP that helps prevent heat exhaustion in birds. Carotenoids, which are rich in vitamins E, C, and provitamin A (beta carotene), are known to have powerful antioxidant qualities that help prevent the damaging effects of free radicals and, in certain situations, oxidative stress, which can lead to cell death in broilers. Furthermore, it has been found that adding capsaicin, an active ingredient in red pepper that is present in grill feed at a dose of 50 mg/kg, can lessen the harmful effects of heat stress.

Moringa (Moringa Oleifera)helps to Survive Birds Under Heat Stress

Moringa leaves contain high levels of total polyphenols (260mg/100g), b-carotene (34mg/100g), kaempferol (34mg/100g), quercetin (100mg/100g), as well as a total antioxidant capacity of 260mg/100g. Kaempferol and quercetin are the flavonoids present in moringa leaves and possess strong antioxidants. It has been found that 0.3% incorporation of M. oleifera leaf meal improves the performance and physiological parameters of broilers and also helped the birds survive under heat stress.

THYME (THYMUS VULGAIS) Protects Chicks Against Heat Stress

The two most important bioactive compounds in this plant are carvacrol and thymol, which may be the primary source of thyme’s pharmacological actions. Thus research has identified linalool, thymol, carvacrol, gamma-terpineol, and geraniol as the primary components of thyme. Dietary thyme essential oil (150–200 mg/kg) is more effective at shielding chicks from the harmful effects of heat stress while also enhancing immunological function and development performance. One material that may be able to improve growth in broilers located in hot climates is thyme oil.

Coriander (Coriandrum Sativum) Seed in Ameliorating the Impact of Thermal Challenges


According to research, broilers under heat stress that are fed 2% coriander seed have higher feed intake, weight gain, reduced panting, and higher levels of corticosterone. The broilers’ poor intestinal absorptive capacity and shape may be connected to the rise in corticosterone levels during stress. Furthermore, according to a different study, adding 2% coriander to the diet helps broiler birds by lessening the effects of heat shock. The supplement, according to the author, benefitted broilers that were experiencing heat stress and enhanced their blood parameters, immunity, and overall performance.

Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum) Powder as Antioxidant in Thermally Challenged Birds

The common herbal plant, cinnamon contains different active phenolic compounds, which include flavones, catechin, isoflavones, flavonoids and other phenolics. The main bioactive constituent of cinnamon is cinnamaldehyde. The phenolic components function as antioxidants and can effectively scavenge ROS. Cinnamon supplements help in homeostasis due to the reduced pH caused by heat stress. It has also been reported that an increase in the activity of CAT, total antioxidant capacity and SOD and a decrease in the MDA when birds were placed in a thermally challenged environment during their finishing phase.

Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) for Heat-stressed Broilers


The yellowish pigments of turmeric, namely demethoxycurcumin, curcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, are commonly referred to as curcumoids. Curcuminoids are an antioxidative compound found in turmeric. Researchers have shown the effects of turmeric powder supplement at 0.3 and 0.6 g/kg when administered to birds under heat stress. The superoxide radicals are neutralized, and there is an increase in the activity of SOD and CAT (ROS-removing enzymes or antioxidant enzymes ) and a decrease in MDA in broilers. The increased level in MDA indicates oxidative damage in liver of heat stressed broilers.

Conclusion
Heat stress can hurt poultry birds by making them grow slower, weakening their immune system, causing intestinal inflammation, and causing other health problems. It can also trigger oxidative process. But using natural substances called phytogenic compounds can help chickens who are raised in hot conditions.But more research is needed to understand the molecular changes made by medicinal herbs and the interactions between their active components, gut microbiota, and gut barriers. By using these approaches, we can improve chicken welfare and make poultry production more sustainable and efficient.

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Unlocking Summer Coccidiosis Protection: The Power of ZAMIDAN 10 in Anticoccidial Programs https://www.vprintinfotech.com/unlocking-summer-coccidiosis-protection-the-power-of-zamidan-10-in-anticoccidial-programs/ https://www.vprintinfotech.com/unlocking-summer-coccidiosis-protection-the-power-of-zamidan-10-in-anticoccidial-programs/#respond Tue, 09 Apr 2024 06:58:01 +0000 https://www.vprintinfotech.com/?p=6075 Unlocking Summer Coccidiosis Protection: The Power of ZAMIDAN 10 in Anticoccidial Programs

By Dr Sajid Hussain M.V.Sc, M.B.A
Techno-Commercial Manager (North & East India)
Zamira Australia

Coccidiosis in poultry, a prevalent and economically impactful parasitic disease, primarily targets the intestinal tract. Its repercussions include substantial economic losses within the poultry industry, stemming from reduced productivity and heightened mortality rates.

During the summer period, managing coccidiosis in poultry presents unique challenges due to environmental factors that exacerbate the risk of infection and impact bird health.

A comprehensive approach is required to address the complexity of coccidiosis that considers the multifactorial nature of the disease. Management should incorporate prevention strategies, biosecurity measures, nutritional management, vaccination programs, and proper flock health monitoring.

The complexity of coccidiosis management hinges on several points:

  • Multiple Eimeria species: The disease is caused by multiple Eimeria species, each with unique pathogenicity and preferred sites of infection, complicating diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies.
  • Lifecycle variability: The complex lifecycle of the Eimeria parasite, involving multiple stages and transmission routes, makes breaking the cycle of infection within a flock challenging.
  • Diverse clinical presentations: Different Eimeria species cause varying clinical signs, ranging from mild intestinal damage to severe haemorrhagic coccidiosis, complicating diagnosis, and treatment.

Antimicrobial resistance: The prolonged and indiscriminate use of anticoccidial medications can lead to drug resistant Eimeria strains.

  • Environmental persistence: Oocysts shed by infected birds can survive in the environment for extended periods, contributing to re-infection within a poultry facility.
  • Interactions with other diseases: Coccidiosis can predispose poultry to secondary infections, complicating disease management and underscoring the need for a holistic approach to overall flock health.

Summer-specific challenges in coccidiosis management:

  • Increased heat stress: Summer temperatures can weaken poultry’s immune systems, making them more susceptible to coccidiosis.
  • High humidity: Elevated humidity levels create favourable conditions for the survival and transmission of coccidia oocysts, increasing the risk of infection within the flock.

Leveraging Anticoccidial Medications for Summer Poultry Health
Managing heat stress with adequate ventilation, hydration, and shade is crucial for maintaining poultry health and minimising the impact of coccidiosis during the summer.

Controlling coccidiosis through the use of anticoccidial medications is another critical aspect of poultry management in the warmer months. These medications are pivotal in reducing the effects of coccidiosis, helping minimise its impact on poultry health and productivity.

Choosing the right anticoccidial medication:
Selecting the appropriate anticoccidial medication should consider the specific Eimeria species present, the severity of outbreaks, the history of use on the farm, and climatic conditions.

Dosage and administration:
Always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations and seek veterinary guidance to ensure the correct dosage, method of administration, and treatment duration for the selected anticoccidial medication.

Rotating or alternating anticoccidial medications:
Implement a rotation or alternation schedule for different classes of medications to reduce resistance development.

Elevate your feed with ZAMIDAN 10: Zamira Australia’s high-quality Maduramicin supplement for optimal poultry health

Mechanism of action: Maduramicin ammonium, a monovalent ionophore anticoccidial, targets multiple early stages of the Eimeria lifecycle within the first 48 hours. It controls coccidia by disrupting the transport of sodium and potassium ions across their cell membranes.

Clinical application: Maduramicin is predominantly utilised prophylactically, serving as a preventive measure rather than a therapeutic intervention. ZAMIDAN 10 has demonstrated efficacy in reducing heat stress compared to other anticoccidials, making it particularly suitable for summer usage.

Protecting poultry health: By incorporating ZAMIDAN 10 into your anticoccidial programs, you improve the defence mechanisms of poultry against the debilitating effects of coccidiosis. This proactive strategy enhances gut health, promotes optimal nutrient absorption, and sustains the overall wellbeing of your flock, particularly during the demanding summer months. Harness the power of Zamira Australia’s ZAMIDAN 10 in your anticoccidial programs this summer!

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