The U.S. Soybean Export Council (USSEC) organised Soy Connext 2026 at the Hyatt Regency, Chicago, bringing together more than 800 participants from 60 plus countries around the globe from animal nutrition, feed, food and agribusiness sectors. The flagship summit provided an important platform for international collaboration, market intelligence, sustainability, innovation and discussions on strengthening global food, feed and nutritional security. The program also included interactions with U.S. soybean growers, farm visits in Illinois and States, USA, the Soy Excellence Center (SEC) 2026 Top Achiever Recognition Award Ceremony, a Risk Management and Market Awareness Workshop and a technical visit to Kent Feed Mills, Iowa State University.

Strong Representation from Middle East, North Africa and South Asia (MENASA) Region at Soy Connext 2026
The delegation from Indian was led by Mr. Franklin Manuel, India Market Lead, U.S. Soybean Export Council (USSEC) and included Mr. Sanjeev Asthana, CEO, Patanjali Group and President, The Solvent Extractors’ Association of India; Mr. Angshu Mallick, Executive Deputy Chairman, Adani Wilmar Agri Business Limited, Mr. B. V. Mehta, Ms. Garima Jain, Mr. Vidya Bhushan, Mr. Kanubhai Thakkar, Mr. Kedar Kulkarni, Mr. Vinod Kumar Jain, Mr. Saurabh Singh Mehta, Mr. Pradeep Krishna, Mr. Rishan and Mr. Ricky Thaper.

As part of the program, the delegation visited Jeff O’Conner Farm in Illinois State and interacted with Mr. Jeff O’Conner, a sixth-generation soybean grower and Board Director of the Illinois Soybean Association. The visit provided valuable insights into sustainable soybean production, advanced genetics, precision agriculture, technology adoption and environmental stewardship.

Interactions with members of the Illinois Soybean Association during the Illinois Soy Reception further highlighted the importance of farmer-led institutions, strategic planning and public-private partnerships in developing a resilient soybean value chain.
The Soy Excellence Center (SEC) 2026 Top Achiever Recognition Award Ceremony was another important highlight of the program. Ms. Anne Meis, Chair, SEC Global Advisory Panel (GAP) welcomed participants, followed by remarks from Mr. Brent Swart, SEC GAP Secretary, and Mr. Mike McCranie, USSEC Chair.
Mr. Brent Swart presented the Impact Subcommittee Report, while Mr. Joel Schreurs, SEC GAP Treasurer, presented the Finance Subcommittee Report. Mr. Brent Babb, Executive Director, Soy Excellence Center, provided an update on SEC’s growing global footprint. Regional updates from the Americas, Asia, China, India, Nigeria and MENA demonstrated SEC’s contribution towards professional capacity building across the global protein value chain.

A proud moment for India came when Dr. Vijay Anand E. Pilli, Center Lead, Soy Excellence Center–India, highlighted the achievements of the SEC -India.
The STAR Award was presented to Dr. Pragati Salutgi in recognition of her outstanding contribution. Mr. Jim Sutter, CEO, USSEC appreciated the contributions of SEC Global Advisory Panel and Regional Advisory Council Members.

I feel truly honoured to serve as a Regional Advisory Council Member – India of the Soy Excellence Center – SEC India, an outstanding initiative of U.S. Soybean Export Council (USSEC). Over the years, SEC has played a transformative role in upskilling professionals across the livestock, feed, aquaculture and food sectors, thereby strengthening the global protein value chain. A heartfelt thank you to Soy Excellence Center and U.S. Soybean Export Council (USSEC) entire teams for their unwavering dedication and visionary leadership in investing in people – the most valuable asset for the future of poultry, dairy, aqua and food industry.

During a special media interaction attended by more than 20 international journalists, Mr. Mike McCranie, Chair, USSEC Board of Directors shared the perspective of U.S. soybean farmers and while reflecting on life as a soybean farmer, he shared a powerful thought “We love to produce crops and watch them grow. But what we really love is seeing our crops feed people around the

world. That is, without question, the most gratifying part of being a farmer.” His words beautifully captured the true purpose of agriculture—feeding the world.

Mr. Jim Sutter, CEO, USSEC, emphasized that Soy Connext 2026 with 800 plus registrations is more than a conference—it is a global platform for collaboration, innovation and sharing scientific insights. Mr. Sutter highlighted that U.S. Soy combines superior feed performance, verified sustainability and a highly reliable supply chain, positioning it to meet the world’s growing demand for protein. With global soybean import demand projected to rise significantly and a record U.S. soybean crop expected this year, the outlook for U.S. Soy remains exceptionally strong. Mr. Jim Sutter added U.S. Soy supply chain is backed by highway, rail, river and barge logistics that buffer supply when a buyer needs it, we deliver it. The world needs more protein and more oil for decades to come and U.S. Soy delivers both reliably, sustainably and at a value buyers can trust.

Post Media interaction, I had Insightful discussions with Mr. Kevin Roepke, Executive Director, USSEC – Middle East, North Africa & South Asia (MENASA), highlighted that SoyConnext2026 once again demonstrated U.S. Soy leadership in enabling sustainable food and feed systems worldwide. Mr. Kevin Roepke added Soy Connext has established itself as the world’s premier globally recognized soy event. Every year, it gets bigger and better and we are proud to see that this year we had over 800 participants join us from across the world. Apart from the stellar agenda and amazing speaker line-up, this conference also gives us the opportunity to network with the industry veterans, customers, U.S. soybean farmers, USSEC members and more. It represents what USSEC stands for: strengthening partnerships, fostering relations and building a preference for U.S. Soy across the world. These in person engagements build trust, emphasize the importance of supply chain resilience. Insatiable demand for both protein and oil is setting an exciting stage for the conversations and discussions being held. To that end, U.S. Soy plays a pivotal role in improving nutrition security across the world, while doing so in an environmentally sustainable and responsible manner.

Mr. Franklin Manuel, India Market Lead, USSEC described the engagement as a truly rewarding experience, emphasizing that the high-level interactions strengthened understanding and relationships across the U.S.–India soy value chain. The discussions opened new avenues for trade, innovation, sustainability and market development, while creating a stronger foundation for future soy cooperation and advocacy.

Mr. Sanjeev Asthana, CEO, Patanjali Group and President, The Solvent Extractors’ Association of India appreciated the depth of discussions at Soy Connext 2026, noting that the event brought critical issues around trade, agriculture and protein to the forefront. He emphasized that the Indian crushing and animal protein industries have valuable lessons to draw from global trends shaping the future of business.

Mr. Angshu Mallick, Executive Deputy Chairman, Adani Wilmar Agri Business Limited, highlighted the opportunity to interact with delegates from across the world and observe how the global soybean industry is increasingly focused on sustainability and critical role of soybeans in food and feed systems.

Mr. Pradeep Krishna, Executive Director, SKM Animal Feeds & Foods (India) Pvt Ltd., said Events like Soy Connext 2026 create meaningful platforms for dialogue, strengthen relationships across the value chain and open pathways for long-term collaboration. During networking reception my discussions with farmer leaders from American Soybean Association (ASA), United Soybean Board (USB) and U.S. Soybean Export Council (USSEC), reinforced one key message: international collaboration is essential to building resilient, sustainable and nutrition-focused food systems.

Global Leaders Share Perspectives on the Future of Soy during Soy Connext 2026 Conference

Soy Connext 2026 – Where Bright Minds Connect, commenced with welcome and opening remarks by Mr. Mike McCranie, Chair, USSEC Board of Directors.

Ms. Colby P., Executive Director, International Strategy, USSEC, introduced Ms. Michelle Caruso-Cabrera, CEO, MCC Global Enterprises, CNBC Contributor, who spoke on “Global Forces at Play: Geopolitics, Trade & the Future of Soy.”

Mr. Tanner Ehmke, Lead Economist, CoBank, presented “The Global Soy Outlook: Supply, Demand & Market Signals.” A panel on “How It’s Growing: Inside the 2026 U.S. Soy Crop” featured Mr. Mike McCranie; Mr. Randy Miller, Director, USSEC; Mr. J. L. Scott Metzger, President, American Soybean Association; and Mr. Brent Gatton, Chair, United Soybean Board.

On the last day of Soy Connext 2026, Mr. Daniel Whitley, Administrator, Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA, addressed the delegates, followed by Mr. Juan Luciano, CEO, ADM, who highlighted the importance of an integrated soy value chain covering origination, processing, logistics and merchandising. This was followed by break-out session and there were insightful presentations from other distinguished leaders across the global soy value chain.

The summit concluded with remarks by Mr. Jim Sutter, CEO, USSEC, who emphasised the value of bringing U.S. soybean farmers, processors, traders, agribusinesses and international trade teams together to exchange knowledge and explore new opportunities. Mr. Sutter said attendees will depart with a clear perspective on the opportunities ahead and a look forward to what’s next. Mr. Sutter announced that Soy Connext 2027 will be held in New York, USA, from August 16–18, 2027.

Soy Connext 2026 was sponsored by several associations and companies; Illinois Soybean

Association, Indiana Soybean Alliance, Iowa Soybean Association, Ohio Soybean Council and South Dakota Soybean Council were the Platinum Sponsors. Cargill, Frey, The Delong Company, Nebraska Soybean Board, SOYLEIC and The Russell Marine Group were the Gold Sponsors. Kansas Soybean Association, Kentucky Soybean Board, North Dakota Soybean Council, Northern Soy, Tennessee Soybean Promotion Board and Wisconsin Soybean Marketing Board were the Silver Sponsors and SGS, Blue Grass Farms of Ohio Inc., CHS Inc., Insta-Pro International, US Identity Preserved

Alliance, International Feed Corporation, ADM, AGP, Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board, Bunge, Consolidated Grain & Barge, Fornazor, Hawkeye Gold Lcc, Minnesota Soybean Research, Perdue Agribusiness LLC, Poet, Ray-Mont Logistics America, Stone Arch Commodities, The Scoular Company, Trans Globe, US Nisshin Shokai Inc., Wheaton Grain Inc., were the Bronze Sponsors of Soy Connext 2026.

Market Intelligence and Risk Management
Following Soy Connext, the USSEC MENASA Trade Team participated in a “Risk Management and Market Awareness” Workshop on August 8 at the Hyatt Regency, Chicago.

Mr. Kevin Roepke, Executive Director, USSEC–MENASA, welcomed participants from the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia and introduced Mr. Guy H. Allen, Senior Economist.The workshop covered global agricultural commodity markets, soybean trade dynamics, supply-demand fundamentals, price discovery, market volatility, forecasting and practical risk-management strategies.

For India’s poultry, livestock, dairy and aquaculture sectors, such knowledge is increasingly important for managing feed ingredient availability, price fluctuations and long-term feed security.

From Iowa Soybean Fields to Feed Technology
Post conference, the delegation visited Grubbs Lands & Cattle Farm in Iowa State, and had good interaction with Mr. Brock Grubbs, a sixth-generation farmer producing soybean and corn across approximately 4,200 acres. The visit provided insights into precision agriculture, advanced genetics, technology and sustainable farming. Ms. Karen Long, Project Coordinator, Iowa Soybean Association, briefed the delegation on farming and sustainability practices.

Later the Trade Team visited the Kent Feed Mill and Grain Science Complex at Iowa State University, a modern facility integrating education, research, analytical laboratories and pilot-scale feed manufacturing. Dr. Dirk Maier, Professor and Director, Kent Feed Mill and Grain Science Complex, Dr. Camille Schroeder, Associate Director and Mr. A S M Younus Bhuiyan Sabbir, Assistant Manager of Grain Center, briefed the delegation on advancements in feed technology, grain science, research and industry-academia collaboration.

Strengthening U.S.–South Asia Partnerships
Thanks to Mr. Kevin Roepke, Executive Director (MENASA), U.S. Soybean Export Council, Mr. Franklin Manuel, India Market Lead, USSEC Ms. Deeba Giannoulis, Regional Food and Nutritional Security & Trade Strategy Leader–MENASA, Ms. Hibah Ameer, Regional Communications Lead–MENASA, Dr. Vijay Anand E. Pilli, Dr. Ashesh Bhattarai, Nepal Market Lead, Mr. Saram Bokhari, Pakistan Market Lead, Mr. KhaBiBur RahMan, Bangladesh Market Lead, Dr. Khurram Shahbaz, Regional Special Projects Facilitator, South Asia, Ms. Nikita Sharma, PMP, Ms. Dhanu Basavraj, Mr. Tara Singh Rawat, and all other members of the USSEC team for organizing this highly educational and informative program and for providing members of the MENASATrade Team with this valuable learning opportunity. Initiatives like these play a vital role in enhancing industry knowledge, strengthening international partnerships, and fostering sustainable growth across the global agricultural and animal protein sectors.

From soybean farms in Illinois and Iowa States to global

discussions during Soy Connext 2026 in Chicago and advanced feed and grain research visit at Iowa State University, offered valuable insights into the U.S. soybean value chain.

As India, the United States and other countries work to meet the growing global demand for affordable and nutritious protein, collaboration in feed security, technology, sustainability, research and trade can play an important role. The journey through the U.S. soybean and feed ecosystem therefore offered much more than an understanding of American agriculture. It provided a broader perspective on how innovation, farmer leadership, scientific research, market intelligence and international cooperation can come together to build more resilient, competitive and sustainable food and feed systems for the future.

Feed Cost Volatility & Raw Material Availability in the Indian Poultry Sector

Prof. (Dr.) P.K. Shukla and Dr. Amitav Bhattacharyya
Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mathura (U.P.)
– President, Indian Poultry Science Association.
– Chairman, Scientific Panel 13 of FSSAI on Meat and Meat Products including poultry.
– Vice President, World Veterinary Poultry Association(I)

Abstract
Feed constitutes the largest single cost component in commercial poultry production, typically accounting for 60–75% of total production cost. In India, volatility in feed costs and irregular availability of key raw materials (maize, soybean/soybean meal, rapeseed meal, fishmeal, and others) have created recurring pressures on producer margins, market stability and food security. This article examines the drivers of feed cost volatility in the Indian poultry sector, assesses patterns of raw material availability, and evaluates short- and medium-term strategies used by industry and policymakers to manage risk. We synthesise recent market evidence (2023–2025), identify structural vulnerabilities—such as dependence on a narrow set of feed ingredients, fragmented procurement, and policy mismatches—and review practical mitigation strategies including alternative feed ingredients, feed formulation optimisation, vertical integration, risk-sharing contracts, and public policy interventions (market intelligence, buffer stocks, and targeted support). The article concludes with recommendations for research priorities and policy measures to improve resilience of the poultry value chain to feed cost and supply shocks. Key messages include: (1) diversification of feed ingredient base and adoption of precision feed formulation can materially reduce vulnerability; (2) industry–government coordination on trade and stock policy is essential to stabilise domestic supplies without harming producers or farmers; and (3) investment in local value chains (oilseed processing, maize storage, and by-product utilisation) plus real-time price information systems are high-impact, actionable steps.

Keywords
Feed cost, volatility, raw material availability, poultry, maize, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, India, risk management

1. Introduction
Poultry production in India is a rapidly expanding sector that plays a major role in animal-sourced protein supply and rural livelihoods. Feed cost remains the dominant expense for broiler and layer operations; fluctuations in feed ingredient prices directly translate into margin volatility for producers and price variability for consumers. The Indian feed matrix is dominated by maize (energy) and oilseed meals—primarily soybean meal—as the primary sources of energy and protein respectively. Rapid changes in global commodity markets, domestic crop yields driven by weather variability, policy changes (tariffs, minimum support prices), and trade disruptions have amplified feed input volatility in recent years. Reports and market analyses from 2023–2025 document episodic spikes and falls in ingredient prices, with corresponding effects on broiler and egg producers and regional market dislocations.

This paper systematically analyses drivers of feed cost volatility and raw material availability in India’s poultry sector, evaluates consequences across the value chain, and presents mitigation strategies with policy recommendations.

2. Scale and composition of poultry feed demand in India
The Indian poultry feed market is large and growing; recent industry estimates place the market value in 1.11 billion USD in 2024, with poultry feed comprising the lion’s share of the animal feed market. Poultry feed typically represents 60–75% of the cost of broiler production (varying by system and region), and maize and soybean meal together form the largest portion of feed formulations. Market reports project continued growth driven by rising protein demand, urbanisation and improved cold-chain and retail infrastructure and the Market size is expected to touch 2.02 billion USD by 2033.

3. Key feed raw materials: roles and supply characteristics

3.1 Maize (corn)
Maize is the principal energy source in poultry rations. Domestic maize production in India is concentrated in certain states (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and others) and is highly seasonal. Maize price at mandis shows substantial spatial variability and seasonality; mandi price dashboards indicate continuing price swings across districts and markets. Maize accounts for a large share of the feed mix and therefore small percentage price changes in maize can significantly change total feed cost.
3.2 Soybean and soybean meal
Soybean is the main oilseed in India; soybean meal derived from oil extraction is the major protein source in poultry feed. Soybean/ soymeal price movements are influenced by domestic sowing area, yields, global soybean markets (U.S., Brazil, Argentina), and policy levers such as import/export duties and MSPs. Price indices show notable volatility over 2023–2025, impacting meal costs for feed mills.

3.3 Rapeseed/rape meal and other oilseed meals
Rapeseed meal and other oilseed by-products can substitute partially for soybean meal, depending on amino acid profile and anti-nutritional factors. Global demand shifts (for example, China’s import changes) can affect availability and price of rapeseed meal. Recent trade flows have seen China increase purchases of Indian rapeseed meal, affecting local supply-demand dynamics.

3.4 Fishmeal, meat-bone meal, and other protein concentrates
Fishmeal is used in some high-performance rations but is expensive and subject to marine resource constraints and import dynamics. Alternative protein sources (pulses, by-products, microbial proteins) remain in experimental or pilot phases for large-scale adoption in India.

3.5 By-products and alternative ingredients (DDGS, bakery waste, millet, pulses)
By-products (distillers dried grains with solubles—DDGS), local pulses, oilseed cakes, and agricultural residues can be used in formulations. Their utilisation depends on consistent supply, nutritive value, cost, and processing infrastructure.

4. Drivers of feed cost volatility

Feed cost volatility arises from an interplay of supply-side and demand-side factors. Major drivers include:
4.1 Weather, crop yields and climate risks
Weather shocks (droughts, unseasonal rains, floods) directly affect maize and soybean harvests. India’s monsoon variability and localised extreme events have produced year-on-year yield swings that ripple into feed markets.
4.2 Global commodity markets and trade linkages
Soybean and maize are global commodities; shifts in harvests in Brazil, the US and Argentina, along with currency movements and shipping costs, influence Indian domestic prices—especially when domestic supply is insufficient and imports or exports respond. For soymeal, global price trends were an important factor in 2024–2025 price fluctuations.
4.3 Policy and trade measures (MSP, import/export duties, subsidies)
Government measures such as minimum support prices (MSP) for oilseeds, import duty changes, and export controls can abruptly change domestic availability and prices. For example, MSP changes and state procurement interventions for soybeans and maize have been signalled as drivers of local price movements. Industry commentary has pointed to expected MSP-related maize/soybean price increases and consequent feed-cost pressure.
4.4 Biofuel and competing demand
Increasing demand for biofuels (producing ethanol from maize or oilseed-derived biodiesel) and food processing (edible oil demand) can redirect feed-grade grains toward other uses, tightening availability for feed.
4.5 Supply-chain and storage losses
India’s post-harvest handling, limited cold-storage/controlled-environment large-scale feed reserves in some regions, and fragmented procurement by smallholder farmers contribute to localized shortages and price spikes during lean months.
4.6 Disease outbreaks and market sentiment
Avian influenza outbreaks periodically depress demand for poultry meat and disrupt distribution channels, complicating producers’ ability to manage feed purchases and inventories. Downward price shocks in broiler market can lead to abrupt feed demand reductions (and vice versa), creating cyclical volatility.

5. Recent evidence (2023–2025): patterns and episodes
Recent studies and market reports highlight episodic volatility. Industry analyses and rating-agency reports documented significant corrections in broiler prices in early 2025 due to demand shocks from disease events, and analysts reported large swings in feed ingredient costs during FY2024–25. Price series for soybean meal and maize show variability across months, with soybean meal monthly indices demonstrating notable up-and-down swings in 2023–2025. Industry associations warned of feed-cost increases of 7–8% in specific years owing to MSP hikes and lower oilseed crops, and regional news reported local maize price increases that narrowed poultry margins.

6. Impact on poultry producers and value chain

6.1 Producer margins and market stability
Given feed’s dominant share in production cost, price increases in maize or soybean meal quickly compress producer margins. Smaller and mid-size producers—operating with narrow working capital—are particularly vulnerable and may be forced to reduce stocking density, delay restocking or exit, causing supply-side shocks.
6.2 Consumer prices and food security
Large feed cost shocks can translate into higher retail prices for meat and eggs, impacting affordability and consumption patterns, especially for low-income consumers.
6.3 Contract farming and backward linkages
Feed volatility influences contracting: integrators that can secure raw materials through backward integration or long-term contracts are better cushioned. Small independent farmers, by contrast, face higher input-price risk.
6.4 Investment and sectoral growth
Unpredictable input costs deter long-term investment in production capacity and in value-chain improvements (cold chain, processing), affecting sectoral growth trajectories.

7. Industry and technical mitigation strategies

To manage feed cost volatility and raw material shortages, poultry producers and feed mills deploy a combination of technical, commercial and managerial strategies:
7.1 Feed formulation optimisation and least-cost formulations
Modern feed mills use least-cost linear programming and precision formulation to rebalance rations when ingredient prices shift—substituting cheaper yet nutritionally acceptable ingredients while maintaining performance. Adoption of real-time formulation tools and laboratory quality checks improves response speed.
7.2 Ingredient substitution and use of alternatives
Use of alternative protein/energy sources (rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, local pulses, DDGS, millet by-products, and processed oilseed cakes) can reduce dependence on soybean meal. However, substitution must account for amino acid balance, digestibility, and anti-nutritional factors. Industry publications and trade articles list practical alternatives but caution about scale and consistency of supply.
7.3 By-product valorisation and localised sourcing
Using agro-industrial by-products (bakery waste, oil-extraction cakes from local mills, brewery wastes, and vegetable-processing residues) can lower costs if processed to ensure feed hygiene and nutritive stability.
7.4 Vertical integration and contract farming
Integrators invest upstream in feed mills, oilseed crushing units, maize procurement and storage. Contract farming for maize and oilseeds can secure supplies but requires well-designed contracts, extension services, and price-sharing mechanisms.
7.5 Hedging, forward buying and inventory management
Larger companies hedge exposure through forward purchase contracts, forward pricing arrangements, and by maintaining strategic inventories at critical times. Smaller producers lack these instruments; cooperatives or producer groups can pool purchases.
7.6 Feed efficiency and management
Improving feed conversion ratio (FCR) via genetics, health management, and precision feeding reduces feed required per unit of product and partially offsets price pressure.

8. Policy and institutional options
Policy measures and institutional mechanisms can mitigate volatility and improve raw material availability:
8.1 Market intelligence, price transparency and early warning systems
Timely, disaggregated market data on mandi prices, stock levels, and international signals helps stakeholders make informed procurement decisions. Public–private platforms can disseminate such data.
8.2 Trade policy calibration and temporary measures
Careful use of tariffs, import concessions and export restrictions can be deployed temporarily to stabilise domestic availability, but must be calibrated to avoid perverse incentives for farmers and traders. For example, import duties on vegetable oil and oilseed-derived products were adjusted in 2025 to support local farmers; such policies have complex downstream effects for feed users.
8.3 Encouraging domestic oilseed and maize production
Longer-term measures include supporting oilseed and maize productivity—through R&D, improved seeds, extension, and post-harvest storage—to reduce dependency on imports and narrow seasonal supply gaps.
8.4 Strategic buffer stocks and credit support
Targeted buffer stocks (at state or cooperative level) for critical feed ingredients and credit facilities for feed procurement during lean months can stabilise supplies for small producers.
8.5 Quality and safety standards for alternative ingredients
Regulatory clarity on the use of non-conventional ingredients and by-products (including testing, permissible inclusion rates, and safety) would accelerate adoption of substitutes.

9. Case studies and illustrative examples
9.1 Regional maize price surge impacting Namakkal farmers (Tamil Nadu)
Regional media reported maize price increases (e.g., reports of maize price rising from Rs 2,400 to Rs 2,800 per quintal in certain contexts), which narrowed producer profits and illustrated how regional price swings can rapidly erode margins in poultry-dense areas.
9.2 Anticipated feed-cost increase due to MSP and oilseed dynamics
Industry associations warned in 2025 that government MSP changes and expected soybean crop responses could raise feed costs by 7–8% in a season, highlighting the sensitivity of poultry margins to policy-induced price movement.
9.3 Rapeseed meal trade and global demand shift
Trade news in 2025 showed China increasing purchases of Indian rapeseed meal following tariffs on Canadian supplies; this affected local availability and price dynamics of an alternative protein feed ingredient. This example shows how distant policies can have immediate consequences for domestic feed availability.

10. Strategic recommendations (short-, medium-, long-term)

Below are actionable recommendations organised by time horizon and stakeholder.
10.1 For producers and industry (short to medium term)
1. Adopt dynamic feed formulation tools (least-cost and nutrient-constraint optimisers) to respond rapidly to price changes.
2. Farm purchasing cooperatives among small/mid-size producers to aggregate demand and negotiate forward contracts.
3. Invest in feed efficiency via genetics, health management (biosecurity, vaccination), and precision feeding to reduce FCR.
4. Explore regional alternative ingredients (subject to safety and nutritional validation) to diversify supply.
10.2 For feed manufacturers and integrators (short to medium term)
1. Backward integrate into oilseed crushing and maize procurement where feasible.
2. Strengthen quality-control labs to validate alternative ingredients and mix consistency.
3. Use hedging and forward buying selectively; offer producer-friendly contract products for small farmers.
10.3 For policymakers (medium to long term)
1. Enhance market transparency: Build or support real-time price and stock platforms for feed raw materials.
2. Calibrate trade policy to avoid unintended domestic shortages—use time-limited import concessions when domestic shortages are acute.
3. Support oilseed and maize productivity: incentivise improved seed adoption, crop diversification and investment in storage.
4. Facilitate safe use of by-products: create standards and guidelines for utilisation of agro-industrial by-products in feed.
5. Promote research on alternative protein sources (microbial proteins, insect meal, and pulses) to reduce long-run dependence on a narrow ingredient base.

11. Research gaps and future directions
Key research areas that could strengthen resilience include:
– Nutritional evaluation and scaling pathways for novel proteins (insect meal, single-cell proteins) under Indian conditions.
– Socio-economic studies of contracting models that allow input price risk-sharing between integrators and farmers.
– Systems-level modelling of supply shocks and policy responses to evaluate trade-offs between farmer incomes, consumer prices and food security.
– Life-cycle assessments of alternative feed ingredients to ensure environmental sustainability with cost-effectiveness.

12. Conclusion
Feed cost volatility and raw material availability are structural challenges for the Indian poultry sector with both immediate and long-term implications. The dominance of maize and soybean meal in the ration, combined with weather sensitivity, global market linkages, and policy dynamics, creates recurring vulnerability.
However, a combination of industry practices (formulation optimisation, alternative ingredients, vertical integration), collective action (cooperatives, contract purchasing), and well-calibrated policy measures (market information, targeted trade measures, productivity support) can materially reduce exposure and enhance resilience. Concerted action across stakeholders—feed mills, producers, input suppliers, researchers and policymakers—will be necessary to stabilise costs, protect producer margins, and ensure reliable, affordable availability of poultry products for consumers.

References are available on request.

Dr. Stuti Baruah, Program Manager – Feed Safety, Trouw Nutrition South Asia

Mycotoxicosis are diseases caused by the poisonous effects of the toxins produced by filamentous micro fungi (i.e., toxigenic moulds). Hundreds of mycotoxins are known and can produce mild to severe toxic effects when they occur above levels of concern. Poultry is particularly susceptible to mycotoxicosis, as they are often fed diets that contain a variety of grains and other ingredients that may be contaminated with mycotoxins.

The importance of mycotoxin problems in poultry is probably considerable yet difficult to measure directly. Chronic low levels of exposure to more than one type of mycotoxin appears to be a very common now a days. Usage of alternate raw materials in poultry diets also causes the risk of exposure to multiple mycotoxins.

Multiple mycotoxicosis in poultry refers to the presence of two or more different mycotoxins in the same feed or feed ingredient, which can lead to more severe and complex symptoms. The symptoms of mycotoxicosis in poultry can vary depending on the type and degree of the toxin exposure.

Some of the most common symptoms include decreased feed intake, reduced growth, poor-egg production, decreased immunity, and even death in severe cases. When multiple mycotoxins are present, the symptoms may be more severe and may include a range of different effects on the birds’ health and performance.

Feed and food production chains are at risk, globally due to –

•  Mycotoxin contamination is one of the main threats in feed production. Improper feed storage, heat & humidity favour the growth of toxicogenic fungi, which produce mycotoxins.
• The sharp rise in international trade has intensified the mycotoxin risk globally.
• Mycotoxin levels in feed and food require careful monitoring and control.

Mycotoxins can have additive, synergistic, and antagonistic effects with other toxins, infectious agents, and nutritional requirements. Mycotoxins can also interact with drugs used as therapeutic agents and diminish the effects of vaccines administered to poultry.

Common mycotoxins associated with mycotoxicosis in poultry include Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins, Fumnonisins, Zearalenone, and Trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxins. Chronic or intermittent exposure can occur in regions where grain and feed ingredients are of poor quality and when feed storage is substandard or prolonged. Impaired production efficiency can be a clue to a mycotoxin problem, as can improvement due to correction of feed management deficiencies.

Clinical signs of mycotoxin exposure in poultry may include the following:

• GI issues
• Organ damage, particularly liver and kidneys
• Immunosuppression

Oral ulcers and crusts occurring on the palate or tip of the tongue and oesophagus can occur with exposure to mycotoxins, including aflatoxin and mycotoxins produced by Fusarium toxins, such as the trichothecenes T-2 toxin (T-2), deoxynivalenol (DON).

Diagnosis of mycotoxicosis can be done by:

• History; clinical signs
• Mouldy feed
• Detection and quantification of specific mycotoxins

Feed and ingredient samples should be properly collected and promptly submitted for analysis.

Material wise Mycotoxin analysis that can be done:
Prevention of Mycotoxicosis can be done by using Mould-free feed and ingredients implementing good agricultural practices and management practices.

3 D approach for Mycotoxin Risk Management: Using a broad-spectrum mycotoxin binder would help farmers mitigate the risk of multiple mycotoxins. TOXO-XL offers a total solution against a broad spectrum of toxins produced by moulds, TOXO-XL forms part of an integrated approach at supporting health of livestock and poultry to maintain health status and performance during exposure to mycotoxins. TOXO-XL is designed for all poultry, dairy and pig species and contains multiple mechanisms to help support the animal in dealing with mycotoxins. TOXO-XL consists of an effective aflatoxin binder and specific ingredients that support gut wall integrity and the immune system.

TOXO® XL is based on 3 pillars of protection:

1. Mycotoxin binding
2.Gut wall protection
3.Immuno modulation

Benefits of 3-D approach by Trouw Nutrition’s Toxo-XL:

• Binds and eliminates mycotoxins.
• Strengthens intestinal barriers.
• Modulates immune response.
• Mitigates animal performance impairment caused by exposure to mycotoxins.

Highly layered smectite clays present in Toxo-XL have high aflatoxin binding. It binds with other polar mycotoxins and LPS. Glucose biopolymers protect the tight junctions and Beta glucans provide immunity. This is the three-dimensional way of mycotoxin risk management.

In conclusion, mycotoxins are silent thieves that eat away profits in livestock and poultry production by affecting performance and health. It is important to routine scan raw materials and finished feed to take appropriate actions.
It is impossible to have one silver bullet to bind and eliminate all mycotoxins, emerging mycotoxins and counteract the immunosuppression caused by synergies and interactions of multiple mycotoxins. Hence, producers need to look at more integrated and holistic approach to counter multiple mycotoxin challenge.
3-D approach gives a more rational, scientific approach to negate the detrimental effects of multiple mycotoxin challenges in poultry and livestock production.

For further information, kindly write to us at customercareindia@trouwnutrition.com or visit our website: www.trouwnutrition.in

References: Manual of poultry diseases, Selko internal data.