The two days PFI 37th AGM witnessed the presence of over 950 plus participants from across India and 111 sponsoring companies, reflecting the strength and unity of India’s poultry community. The AGM began with the lighting of the ceremonial lamp, symbolizing growth, progress and prosperity in the poultry sector.

Mr. Ranpal Dhanda, President, Poultry Federation of India, welcomed all participants, expressing heartfelt gratitude to all sponsoring companies for their valuable support in making this 37th AGM a grand success with their presence. PFI President said this PFI AGM is an occasion where the entire country’s poultry sector has gathered on a single platform to connect, share experiences and deliberate on the future course of action. The entire value chain of the poultry sector is present on this platform—ranging from farmers, breeders, feed millers, and integrators to medicine and equipment companies, doctors, scientists, and associations. And therein lies PFI’s greatest strength. Mr. Dhanda added we must place equal emphasis on technology, scientific knowledge, disease management, feed quality, genetics, biosecurity, and modern farming practices. Our aim is to ensure that the knowledge possessed by scientists and experts does not remain confined to conferences and laboratories; the benefits of research must reach the farm level. In this context, VIV Select India 2026 has been a significant milestone for us. Mr. Ranpal Dhanda further said India is a young nation today, and one of our greatest challenges is delivering affordable, high-quality nutrition to as many people as possible. Eggs and chicken play a vital role in this. For us, these are not merely poultry sector products; they are crucial components of nutritional and protein security. Therefore, in the future, PFI will vigorously advance the “Mission Protein India” initiative. We will strive to disseminate accurate, scientific information regarding the nutritional benefits of eggs and chicken to the public through awareness programs, social media, digital platforms, and other communication channels. Our objective is to address the misconceptions and misinformation surrounding poultry products in the country by presenting facts and scientific evidence. Today, we have many young professionals, entrepreneurs, veterinarians, and next-generation poultry farmers among us. PFI will strive to bring the youth into the fold of the organization, giving them an opportunity to voice their views and play a role in the future leadership of the sector. After all, the poultry sector of the next 10–20 years will be in the hands of today’s youth.

The inaugural address was followed by the Annual Report presented by
Mr. Ravinder Singh Sandhu, Secretary, who highlighted following activities being done by PFI in last one year.

Regarding the Bird Flu Vaccine Policy: Bird Flu has been a major concern for farmers. PFI has consistently raised the issue of LPAI and HPAI vaccines with the government. As you all know, the PFI team worked hard to secure permission for the LPAI vaccine and maintained continuous coordination with the Department of Animal Husbandry (Government of India) regarding the HPAI vaccine. PFI with support from other national poultry associations have achieved significant success in this regard; now, the HPAI vaccine can be manufactured in India and legally imported.

Efforts to ensure farmers can easily obtain the Pollution Board NOC: To address this, the PFI team held meetings with the Haryana government, advocating for the exclusion of the poultry sector from the ‘industry’ category regarding Pollution Board NOCs. We proposed a separate policy for poultry NOCs that requires minimal documentation. PFI Team is hopeful that the Haryana government will soon issue a notification on this matter.

Regarding Market Committee fees for maize and pearl millet (bajra) –Taking this issue seriously, the PFI team held a meeting with the Haryana government. This meeting took place under the chairmanship of our senior colleague and Honorable Cabinet Minister, Shri Mahipal Dhanda Ji, and was attended by the Chief Secretary of Haryana and senior officials from the Mandi Board; other poultry associations also participated alongside the PFI team.

Initiative for biogas plant subsidies for breeder and layer farming – Poultry waste poses a major challenge for our fellow farmers. The cost of installing biogas plants to dispose of this waste is very high; consequently, our team has voiced the farmers’ concerns to the Government of India, specifically requesting a subsidy of ₹1 crore for biogas plants.

Regarding rising Soya DOC prices – Our team conducted a survey to identify the underlying causes and discovered that soya stocks were being hoarded.
In response, we wrote to the PMO and the relevant ministry, urging them to impose an upper limit on soya stockpiling. This intervention halted the rise in soybean prices; while we had anticipated a sharp price surge due to hoarding, the situation was successfully brought under control.

Regarding maize quality and production – Thanks to the sustained efforts of the PFI team, we have observed a significant increase in maize production in the North this year compared to previous years. Through various maize-focused seminars, we have been consistently raising awareness among farmers about maize quality to ensure there is no shortage in the future, given the rising demand.

PFI purchases a plot for a laboratory – 400-square-yard commercial plot has been purchased in Panipat for the PFI laboratory. The project report is ready, and work is set to commence shortly. The laboratory will be completed soon, providing the poultry sector with enhanced technological support. Its primary objective is to offer farmers and the entire poultry sector superior technical support, accurate disease identification, and scientific information.

VIV Select India Exhibition- PFI has enabled even small-scale farmers to experience an international exhibition. Our team brought in thousands of farmers from across the country to provide them with insights into poultry-related technologies, ensuring that advanced technology reaches even the smallest of farmers. Thanks to everyone’s contribution, this exhibition was a resounding success. While we had initially planned to hold this event biennially, given its success and with your continued support, it will now be organized annually—with the next edition scheduled for April 21–23, 2027, at the Yashobhoomi Convention Centre.

Later the Financial Report was presented by Mr. Rahul Khatri, Treasurer, which was unanimously approved by all the PFI Members.

Mr. Sanjeev Gupta, Vice President (HQ) extended Vote of Thanks. Mr. Gupta extended special thanks to all PFI Executive Committee Members, Industry Leaders, Technical Speakers, Delegates Media partners and the entire management team for their dedicated efforts and teamwork.

Technical & Business Sessions – The day featured insightful presentations by leading industry experts and companies: Mr. Uday Singh Bayas, President, Indian Poultry Equipment Manufacturers Association (IPEMA) and Poultry India invited all the delegates present at PFI AGM to attend Poultry India Exhibition being organised at HITEX, Hyderabad on November 25-27, 2026. Later the sponsoring companies gave very interesting and education presentations. This was followed by several educating and informative technical presentations by Team Symbio, Dr. Ajeet Bishnoi, Dr. Harish & Dr. Rahul.

Dr. Rakesh Gupta, General Managet – Technical, Venkateshwara Hatcheries (VH Group) gave very impressive presentation on “Management of Immunosuppression in Broilers” which was very much appreciated by the delegates. There was good interaction after the presentation and Dr. Rakesh Gupta satisfactorily replied to all the questions.

Dr. Vijay Anand, Soy Excellence Center (SEC) India Center Lead, presentation on “Soy as a Continuing Foundation for the Feed Industry” was another engaging segment. The clarity of thoughts and practical approach provided the delegates with several valuable takeaways.

This was followed by presentation of certificates by PFI Core Team to the four toppers of Soy Excellence Center course, a good initiative by US Soybean Export Council.

A high-level panel discussion on “Indigenous Viral Strains for Poultry vaccines: Strengthening Disease Control Through India Specific Solutions” was there which was very well moderated by Dr. Nitin Vasantrao Kurkure and the distinguished panel included Dr. Premanshu Dandapat, Dr. NK Mahajan, Dr. Shirish Nigam, Dr. Sanjay Gavkare and Dr. Gowthaman. Press and Silver & Bronze category sponsors were felicitated for their continuous support, by presenting mementoes. Dr. Jeetendra Verma, Executive Committee Member, Poultry Federation of India, extended Vote of Thanks. The evening concluded with a musical program and cocktail dinner, offering networking opportunities and celebrating unity within the poultry fraternity.

The second day of the 37th Annual General Body Meeting of Poultry Federation of India continued with insightful policy sessions, dignitary addresses and recognition of excellence in the poultry sector.
The day began with welcome address by Mr. Ranpal Dhanda, President, Poultry Federation of India. He emphasised the Federation’s commitment to promoting scientific, profitable and sustainable poultry farming across India. The pace at which India’s poultry sector has grown over the last few decades is truly remarkable. Today, our country ranks among the world’s leading producers of eggs and chicken. According to the ICAR, the poultry sector is making a significant contribution to India’s food and nutritional security. We need to consider Where will India’s poultry sector be in the next ten years? And an even more important question is Are we prepared today for the challenges of the coming decade?

PFI President said “Poultry feed security is an essential part of India’s protein security.” If quality feed is not available at competitive prices, we will be unable to simultaneously achieve farmer profitability, affordable protein for consumers, and global competitiveness for the industry. Today, our scientists have made seeds available that allow us to achieve yields of up to 10–11 tonnes per hectare. I say this based on my own practical experience. For the past three years, I have been cultivating maize on approximately 20 acres, and I am achieving yields of up to 10–11 tonnes per hectare. However, looking at the country as a whole, the average maize productivity here currently stands at only about 3–4 tonnes per hectare. This implies that while we possess quality seeds and scientists have developed superior varieties, the major challenge lies in our inability to deliver these high-quality seeds to every farmer in sufficient quantities. Therefore, our future focus must be on ensuring that the high-quality, high-yield hybrid seeds available to us reach every farm and every farmer. These seeds should be made available at reasonable and subsidized rates so that small and medium-scale farmers can also utilize them.

Mr. Ranpal Dhanda said Our second priority is to transform disease surveillance into an “Early Warning System.” If animal feed represents our first challenge, disease management is our second major hurdle. Modern poultry farming is highly intensive and interconnected. A disease outbreak is not merely a problem for a single farm; it can become an issue for the entire cluster. Therefore, I propose the creation of a National Poultry Disease Surveillance Grid. We should develop an integrated system connecting — Farm → Veterinarian → District Laboratory → State Laboratory → National Reference Laboratory —through a digital network.

Mr. Dhanda added Our third priority is: Vaccination tailored to Indian conditions. India should become a leader in innovation not just a market in the field of poultry vaccines. When Indian science and Indian industry collaborate, Indian solutions can be developed for Indian challenges. Therefore, we urge that the “Indigenous Strain-Based Vaccine Development Programme” be further strengthened. We need to establish a framework wherein ICAR, Veterinary Universities, the Government, the Vaccine Industry, and the Poultry Industry collaborate to conduct research on priority disease.
This was followed by launch of Mission Protein India and its mascot by the Honourable Chief Guest Shri Mahipal Dhanda, Minister of Education, Government of Haryana, along with all the dignitaries on the dias.

Mission Protein India is an initiative by PFI in promoting protein awareness by launching an Instagram page titled “Mission Protein India.” This initiative will provide the general public with information regarding the nutritional value of protein. Our goal is to ensure that accurate, scientific information reaches everyone, enabling people to understand the importance of better nutrition for their health and adopt it into their lifestyles.

Later Mr. Vijay Sardana, Advocate, Supreme Court of India & Techno-Legal Advisor, Poultry Federation of India gave Keynote address. National Poultry Export Mission – On behalf of Poultry Federation of India, it was proposed to Establish a National Poultry Export Mission 2035, with PFI, DAHD, APEDA, MoFPI, Commerce Ministry and relevant state governments working against annual milestones. The Proposed US$10 Billion Export Basket. India should move progressively from bulk shipments to specification-based shipments. The buyer should be able to specify: weight + cut + fat level + packaging + certification + microbiological standard + halal status + traceability. That is how a commodity becomes a differentiated export product. The objective should be to establish Indian processing companies as international suppliers.

Dr. Sunil Neelam, ICAR-Indian Institute of Maize Research gave interesting and highly appreciated presentation on “Strategy to Meet Maize Requirement for Poultry in Changing Scenarios”.

This was followed by address by Mr. Ashok Thakur, Guest of Honour and Director, National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India (NAFED). Mr. Thakur offered all the support to poultry sector as it’s creating lot of employment among young generation. His emphasis on strengthening protein security, feed security, farmer welfare and sustainable growth provided important direction for the sector.

The honourable Chief Guest, Shri Mahipal Dhanda, Minister of Education, Government of Haryana addressed the gathering which was truly insightful and inspiring. It was indeed an honour and privilege to hear his valuable thoughts and guidance. The clarity of his vision and his commitment to working closely with industry stakeholders were highly appreciated by all the delegates. The honourable Chief Guest concluded by saying together, let us take Indian Poultry to greater heights and contribute meaningfully to the vision of a Healthy, Prosperous and Viksit Bharat.

Mr. Ricky Thaper, Joint Secretary, delivered The Vote of Thanks by appreciating Hon’ble Chief Guest Shri Mahipal Dhanda Ji, Hon’ble Education Minister, Government of Haryana, and the Guest of Honours for graciously sparing their valuable time to join and bless the 37th AGM with their presence and extended deep appreciation to all 950 plus participants, 111 sponsoring companies, Speakers, Special Invites, Press and all PFI Executive Committee team for their contribution to making the two-day AGM a grand success.

Post lunch there were technical presentations by Mr. Anil Singh Tomar also Mr. Arvindra Singh. The Panel Discussion on “Beyond Maize and Soy-Alternative Feed Ingredients for Efficient and Cost-Effective Poultry Production”

was very nicely Moderatored by Dr. Tarun Shridhar and the panellist included Prof. Dr. PK Shukla, Dr. Ashok Kumar Pattanaik, Dr. Amit Das, Dr. Shiv Kumar Bhardwaj, Dr Nataraja Hulegondi and Dr. Ajay Deshpande. This was followed by the insightful addresses by leading voices from the poultry industry that added tremendous value to the AGM.

The poultry leader’s; Mr. Divya Gulati, Mr. Vasant Kumar, Mr. Madan Mohan Maity and Mr. Bahadur Ali’s perspectives highlighted the sector’s key challenges, emerging opportunities and the need for stronger collaboration among farmers, industry, scientists and policymakers.

Their valuable suggestions on the growth and future of India’s poultry sector reflected a deep understanding of the challenges and opportunities before the industry. The industry leaders brought valuable on-ground experience and practical insights, particularly on feed security, cost competitiveness, farmer sustainability, innovation and the future growth of Indian poultry. Their forward-looking thoughts and constructive suggestions provided meaningful direction for building a more resilient, sustainable and globally competitive poultry industry in India. The rich exchange of ideas truly reflected the strength, unity and collective vision of the poultry fraternity.

Later there was mementoes presentations to Special Guests & Poultry Industry Associations and Super Platinum, Platinum, Diamond & Gold Sponsors. Mr. Rahul Khatri, Treasurer, extended Vote of Thanks. The 37th AGM of the Poultry Federation of India concluded on a highly positive and inspiring note, reaffirming our collective commitment to the growth, sustainability and long-term strength of India’s poultry sector. The discussions, insights and interactions throughout the AGM reinforced one clear message: a strong poultry industry is essential for India’s protein security, farmer prosperity and food security. The evening concluded with a musical program and cocktail dinner, offering networking opportunities and celebrating unity within the poultry fraternity.

However, despite its widespread use, SCC presents several practical challenges, including its highly hygroscopic nature, reduced feed stability, accelerated degradation of certain vitamins, and the formation of trimethylamine (TMA) during microbial metabolism. These limitations, coupled with the industry’s growing focus on efficiency, sustainability, and precision nutrition, have driven the search for more advanced nutritional solutions.

Why Liver Health Matters More Than Ever
In poultry, the liver is the primary site of lipogenesis, accounting for nearly 80–85% of total fatty acid synthesis. Every day, it coordinates the conversion of nutrients into energy, regulates lipid metabolism, synthesizes proteins, and supports numerous physiological functions essential for growth and production. When lipid metabolism becomes impaired, triglycerides accumulate within liver cells, leading to excessive fat deposition, poor feed utilization, reduced growth performance, and an increased risk of fatty liver conditions. These metabolic disturbances can significantly impact both biological efficiency and economic returns. Consequently, maintaining optimal liver function is no longer viewed merely as a health objective; it has become a key driver of productivity and profitability in modern poultry production.

Kolin Plus® : A New Generation Phytogenic Solution
Developed as a scientifically validated phytogenic alternative to synthetic choline chloride, Kolin Plus® represents a new approach to metabolic nutrition. Rather than functioning solely as a nutrient replacement, Kolin Plus® supports liver health and fat metabolism through multiple interconnected biological pathways. Formulated from carefully selected botanical ingredients rich in bioactive compounds, Kolin Plus® works by influencing key metabolic processes involved in lipid synthesis, fat mobilization, fatty acid oxidation, and energy utilization. This multi-pathway mode of action enables the bird to utilize nutrients more efficiently while supporting optimal hepatic function. Backed by transcriptomic research and performance validation studies, Kolin Plus® exemplifies the shift from conventional nutrient supplementation to scientifically driven metabolic optimization.

A Transcriptomic Window into Poultry Metabolism
One of the most exciting developments in animal nutrition has been the application of transcriptomics to understand how dietary interventions influence biological functions.
Transcriptomics enables researchers to evaluate thousands of genes simultaneously and identify the molecular pathways affected by nutritional interventions. To unravel the molecular basis of Kolin Plus® activity, liver gene expression profiling was conducted in broilers challenged with choline-deficient diets. The analysis identified key genes and signaling pathways involved in lipid synthesis, mobilization, oxidation, and overall hepatic lipid regulation. The gene expression patterns were studied for four groups normal diet: normal, choline chloride deficient, Kolin Plus®, and CCL using microarray on day 42. The hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out on 12,614 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a similar expression.

Regulating Fat Synthesis at Its Source
One of the most significant findings from transcriptomic research was the modulation of genes involved in hepatic fat synthesis. Key genes associated with lipogenesis—including PPARG, ACACA, ACLY, and LIPC were regulated in a manner that supports healthier lipid metabolism. These genes play important roles in: Fatty acid synthesis, Triglyceride accumulation, Lipid storage, Hepatic lipid regulation. By influencing these pathways, Kolin Plus® helps create a metabolic environment that favours efficient nutrient utilization while reducing excessive fat deposition within the liver. (Table 1, Fig1)

Figure 1. Effect of KP on gene expression related to de novo lipogenesis.
Activating the Fat-Burning Machinery
While reducing fat synthesis is important, optimal metabolic health also requires efficient utilization of stored fats. The transcriptomic analysis revealed enhanced expression of genes associated with fatty acid oxidation, including:  CPT1A, PPARGC1A, HADHB, PNPLA2
These genes are directly involved in transporting fatty acids into mitochondria and converting them into usable energy through β-oxidation. In practical terms, this means the bird becomes more efficient at utilizing dietary energy rather than storing it as excess fat.
Further studies demonstrated increased circulating levels of L-carnitine in supplemented birds.
L-carnitine serves as the transport system that carries long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria, where they are oxidized to generate energy. Improved L-carnitine status has been associated with:
– Enhanced fat utilization
– Reduced carcass fat deposition
– Improved energy efficiency
– Better production performance
This finding provides an important physiological link between molecular changes and measurable production outcomes. ((Table 1, Fig 2)

Fig 2: Effect of KP on catabolism of lipids (lipolysis and beta-oxidation of fatty acids.

From Molecular Science to Farm Performance
The true value of any nutritional intervention lies in its ability to improve on-farm performance.

Research Studies has demonstrated benefits including:
– Improved body weight gain
– Better feed conversion ratio (FCR)
– Reduced fat accretion
– Enhanced livability
– Improved European Production Index (EPI)
These improvements reflect the practical impact of optimizing lipid metabolism and liver function.  Rather than acting as a simple replacement for choline, this approach supports multiple interconnected pathways that collectively improve metabolic efficiency.

Sustainability Through Better Metabolism
Modern poultry production increasingly demands solutions that are not only effective but also sustainable. Improved lipid utilization means more dietary energy is directed toward productive purposes rather than being lost through inefficient metabolism.
This can contribute to:
– Better feed efficiency
– Lower resource utilization
– Reduced environmental impact
– Improved economic sustainability
As the industry continues to pursue precision nutrition and sustainable production systems, metabolic optimization will play an increasingly important role.

Conclusion
The future of poultry nutrition is moving beyond simple nutrient supplementation toward a deeper understanding of how nutrition influences biological systems. Advances in transcriptomics and nutrigenomics have shown that phytogenic technologies can regulate gene expression, optimize lipid metabolism, support mitochondrial function, and enhance metabolic efficiency.
By influencing key pathways involved in fat synthesis, lipid transport, and fatty acid oxidation, these next-generation nutritional solutions help improve liver health, nutrient utilization, and production performance. Kolin Plus®, backed by transcriptomic validation and performance studies, exemplifies this scientific approach by supporting metabolic health through multiple biological pathways rather than functioning as a conventional choline replacement alone.
As the poultry industry continues to focus on efficiency, profitability, and sustainability, scientifically validated phytogenic solutions such as Kolin Plus® are redefining metabolic management and shaping the future of precision poultry nutrition.

Introduction

Why it matters in modern poultry production
– Rapid multiplication of Eimeria can produce substantial intestinal injury within a short period.
– Subclinical coccidiosis may reduce feed efficiency, growth and flock uniformity without dramatic clinical signs.
– High oocyst contamination of litter increases exposure and repeated infection pressure.
– Effective control requires attention to parasite biology, farm management and appropriate anticoccidial programmes.

Etiology
Seven major Eimeria species are recognized in chickens. E. acervulina and E. maxima are frequently encountered, while E. tenella is particularly pathogenic and associated with severe caecal disease and haemorrhage (Yaqub et al., 2023). Species differ in preferred intestinal sites, lesion patterns and pathogenicity.

Transmission
The principal route is faecal–oral transmission. Birds ingest sporulated oocysts from contaminated litter, feed, water, equipment or the environment. Moisture, oxygen and suitable temperature favour sporulation, allowing infective oocysts to accumulate and maintain the infection cycle (Pal et al., 2023).
Life Cycle of EIMERIA

Ingestion of sporulated oocysts → release of sporozoites → epithelial invasion → multiplication → gamete formation → oocyst formation → faecal shedding → environmental sporulation.

Clinical Signs
Severity depends on Eimeria species, infective dose, bird age, immunity and environmental management. Signs include reduced feed intake, depression, ruffled feathers, drooping wings, enteritis, diarrhoea or dysentery, poor growth and increased mortality in severe cases (Pal et al., 2023).
– Reduced body-weight gain and flock uniformity
– Poor feed conversion and production performance
– Diarrhoea or blood-stained droppings in severe infections
– Dehydration, weakness and depression
– Mortality when tissue damage and blood loss are extensive
Species-specific sites

Post-Mortem Lesions
Post-mortem examination helps identify likely Eimeria species and estimate the distribution and severity of intestinal damage. Lesion patterns should be interpreted with clinical findings, litter condition, performance data and, where appropriate, laboratory diagnosis (Pal et al., 2023; Yaqub et al., 2023).

Key lesion patterns

Prevention and Control
Effective control integrates anticoccidial programmes with litter management, hygiene, stocking-density control, ventilation and sound flock management. Continuous or inappropriate use of a single anticoccidial can contribute to reduced efficacy and resistance selection; rotation, shuttle programmes, combinations and vaccination are among approaches used for longer-term control (Usman et al., 2011; Chapman, 2017; Noack et al., 2019).

Anticoccidial programmes
– Rotation changes the active ingredient or mode of action between production cycles.
– Shuttle programmes use different anticoccidial strategies during different feed phases.
– Combination programmes can broaden anticoccidial activity and may help address reduced sensitivity when appropriately designed (Chapman & Rathinam, 2022).
– Vaccination can provide controlled exposure to selected Eimeria strains and support protective immunity.

Ionophore vs Chemical

Combination programmes
Combining compatible anticoccidial activities can broaden control and reduce dependence on a single mode of action. Programme selection should consider disease pressure, previous anticoccidial history, susceptibility patterns, compatibility and label requirements (Chapman & Rathinam, 2022).

STALLEN’S DUAL APPROACH TO COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL
Stallen South Asia offers a dual approach to coccidiosis management with Manacox Plus, bringing together ionophore and chemical anticoccidial activity in one formulation. This approach is designed to support practical, structured coccidiosis-control programmes while reducing dependence on a single mode of action.

MANACOX PLUS
Manacox Plus is a dual-active anticoccidial formulation combining an ionophore and a chemical anticoccidial. It contains Monensin Sodium 8% + Nicarbazin 8% for practical coccidiosis prevention programmes in broilers.
Key Product Points

WHY A DUAL APPROACH
Using monensin sodium together with nicarbazin brings ionophore and chemical anticoccidial activity into one formulation. This can fit structured prevention programmes where the objective is effective control without unnecessary reliance on a single mode of action. Use should follow the approved label and veterinary guidance.
Practical use
– Use within a planned farm coccidiosis-control programme.
– Maintain good litter quality, ventilation, stocking density and drinker management.
– Review anticoccidial history and flock response when planning future programmes.
– Follow approved dose, withdrawal period and compatibility instructions.

References are available on request.

Introduction

Gut: The First Line of Immune Defence
The intestinal defence system consists of several interconnected components, including the mucus layer, intestinal epithelial cells, tight junctions, antimicrobial substances, gut microbiota and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).

The epithelial cells form a physical barrier between the intestinal contents and the internal tissues. Tight-junction proteins such as occludin, claudins and ZO-1 regulate the movement of substances between epithelial cells. The mucus layer provides an additional protective environment, while immune cells located within and beneath the intestinal mucosa continuously monitor microbial and dietary antigens.
Thus, the intestine acts as both a selective absorption system and an immune surveillance system.

Gut Microbiota and Immune Development
The intestinal tract contains a complex microbial ecosystem. A balanced microbial population can contribute to pathogen exclusion, production of microbial metabolites, maintenance of intestinal integrity and modulation of host immune responses.
Beneficial microorganisms and their metabolites communicate with intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells. Among these metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate and butyrate are particularly important because they can influence epithelial health, immune-cell activity and inflammatory responses. Therefore, gut microbiota and immunity have a bidirectional relationship. A healthy microbiota supports a healthy intestinal barrier and balanced immune signalling. At the same time, the immune system regulates microbial populations and helps maintain intestinal homeostasis.
What Happens When Gut Health Is Compromised?
Commercial poultry are exposed to several factors capable of disturbing gut integrity, including coccidiosis, bacterial pathogens, mycotoxins, heat stress, poor water quality, nutritional imbalance and dysbiosis.

A compromised gut can result in epithelial damage, disruption of tight junctions, increased intestinal permeability, inflammation and oxidative stress, altered immune response and reduced performance. This process is sometimes described as increased “intestinal permeability” or “leaky gut.”

When intestinal integrity is compromised, nutrients may not be utilized efficiently and microbial products can interact more extensively with host immune mechanisms. The bird may consequently spend additional nutrients and metabolic resources on inflammation and tissue repair rather than growth or egg production.

Coccidiosis, Mycotoxins and Heat Stress

Coccidiosis is a classic example of the gut–immune relationship. Eimeria infection damages intestinal epithelial cells, alters intestinal morphology and stimulates an inflammatory and immune response. Consequently, coccidiosis control is not only a parasite-management issue but also a gut health, nutrition and immune-management issue.

Similarly, mycotoxins can affect intestinal integrity, oxidative status, microbial balance and immune function. Their impact may therefore extend beyond the feed itself to the overall gut–immune axis.

Heat stress is particularly important in tropical poultry production. Heat stress can alter feed intake, intestinal physiology, microbial balance and barrier integrity, potentially increasing inflammatory and oxidative stress. Maintaining gut integrity during heat stress is therefore an important component of maintaining flock resilience.

Gut Health and Vaccine Response
An effective vaccination program depends on the bird’s ability to recognize antigens and develop appropriate humoral and cellular immune responses. This requires adequate availability of energy, amino acids, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Therefore, gut health indirectly supports the nutritional foundation required for immune responses. A healthy intestine facilitates nutrient digestion and absorption, while intestinal inflammation or damage can increase nutrient requirements for tissue repair and immune activity. It is important, however, to recognize that good gut health alone does not guarantee vaccine success. Vaccine quality, administration, maternal immunity, biosecurity, disease pressure, nutrition and environmental conditions also influence the final immune response.

Nutritional Support for the Gut–Immune Axis
Nutrition is one of the most important tools for supporting the gut–immune relationship. Zinc contributes to epithelial integrity, cellular proliferation, enzyme activity and immune-cell function. Selenium is an important component of antioxidant defence systems and supports cellular protection and immune function. Vitamins A and E also contribute to mucosal integrity, antioxidant protection and immune responses.
Nutritional interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, organic acids, enzymes, yeast-derived products, MOS and β-glucans may be used as part of integrated gut-health programs. MOS can support gut health through microbial interactions and pathogen-exclusion mechanisms, while β-glucans can interact with innate immune pathways and influence immune-cell activity. However, responses depend on product source, structure, dose, bird age, diet and challenge conditions; therefore, these products should be evaluated based on scientific evidence and field performance rather than assuming that all products have identical effects.

Practical Approach for Commercial Poultry
A successful gut-health program should not depend on a single feed additive. It should combine:
– High-quality and properly stored feed
– Regular mycotoxin monitoring and management
– Good drinking-water quality and sanitation
– Effective coccidiosis control
– Appropriate vaccination and biosecurity
– Heat-stress management
– Balanced amino acid, vitamin and mineral nutrition
– Appropriate use of probiotics, prebiotics/postbiotics and other gut-health products
– Monitoring of litter quality, feed intake, FCR, mortality and flock uniformity

Conclusion
The gut and immune system should be viewed as two interconnected components of the same biological defence network. A healthy intestinal microbiota, intact epithelial barrier and properly functioning GALT provide the foundation for balanced immune development and response. For commercial poultry, the concept is simple: “Protect the gut to support immunity, and support immunity to maintain flock resilience.”
Gut health is therefore not only about digestion and FCR. It is closely connected with nutrient utilization, immune development, disease resistance, vaccine responsiveness and ultimately flock productivity.
The future of poultry nutrition will increasingly focus on managing the gut–microbiota–immune axis through integrated nutrition, health and farm-management strategies rather than addressing individual problems in isolation.

India is now the world’s second-largest egg producer and among the largest producers of broiler meat. The sector turns over roughly ₹2.7 lakh crore a year, accounts for about 16 per cent of livestock output, and supports close to five million livelihoods.

For a business that began as a rural side activity, it has become one of the fastest-compounding parts of Indian agriculture — poultry’s share of agriculture and allied output has climbed from 2.9 per cent in 2011–12 to 5.0 per cent in 2023–24.

A record price season
The headline numbers are strong. On 5 September, the National Egg Coordination Committee’s average declared rate stood at ₹5.64 per egg across 34 markets, ranging from ₹4.90 in Hospet to ₹6.20 in Kolkata. Delhi was quoted at ₹6.00, Barwala at ₹5.43 and Ludhiana at ₹5.48. That is a comfortable band for layer farms that were selling below ₹5 through much of last year.

Broilers have swung harder. Farm-gate live bird prices in the Delhi region touched ₹140 a kilogram in July against roughly ₹90 a year earlier, while retail chicken moved from about ₹240 to nearly ₹300 a kilogram. Prices have since cooled as the monsoon supply cycle normalised — north Indian integrators were quoting live bird in the mid-₹90s per kilogram in late August — but the annual average is still tracking well above FY25. Care Edge Ratings estimates broiler realisations recovered about 5 per cent year on year in FY26, with live bird averaging ₹99 a kilogram in February–March 2026, more than 20 per cent above the bird-flu-depressed fourth quarter of Fy25.
Data Box 1 · Necc Egg Rates, 5 September 2026 (₹ Per Egg)

Why the margin is not where the price is
Feed accounts for 65 to 70 per cent of the cost of producing a broiler and roughly 68 to 70 per cent of the cost of producing an egg. In a business with that cost structure, a 15 per cent move in feed wipes out a 10 per cent move in output prices. That is precisely what has happened this year.

Compound poultry feed is now selling at about ₹4,400 a quintal against roughly ₹3,600 a year ago. Maize, the energy backbone of the ration, has moved from ₹18–19 a kilogram in April to ₹27–28 a kilogram. Soybean is ruling near ₹6,900 a quintal, well above the ₹5,708 minimum support price for the 2026–27 season.

Data Box 2 · The Cost Side

Two structural forces are behind the maize spike. First, ethanol. Grain-based distilleries have become a large, price-insensitive buyer of maize, and poultry feed mills are now bidding against a sector backed by a national blending mandate. Nearly 60 per cent of India’s maize output already goes to livestock, with poultry alone accounting for roughly 47 per cent of livestock maize consumption. Second, soybean meal. India is short by an estimated 1.5 million tonnes ahead of the new crop, and soybean acreage this kharif is down 4.5 per cent year on year at 10.6 million hectares.

“India is short an estimated 1.5 million tonnes of soybean meal before the new crop arrives — and soybean acreage this season is down 4.5 per cent.”

The policy knot: imports, GM corn and a farm lobby
The livestock and feed industry have asked the Centre to permit imports of about 1.5 million tonnes of soybean meal to bridge the gap. The soybean processing industry has opposed the move, arguing that domestic supply is adequate and that imports would discourage farmers from expanding oilseed acreage. It is a familiar standoff: the same protein deficit, the same two lobbies, a different year.

Poultry industry representatives have also pressed for approval of genetically modified corn, on the argument that higher-yielding maize would give both the feed and ethanol industries cheaper raw material. Under this year’s trade arrangement with the United States, India retained protection on corn and soybean — both predominantly GM crops there — while agreeing to allow imports of distillers’ dried grains and red sorghum for animal feed. That is a partial valve, not a solution. DDGS can replace part of the energy component of a ration; it cannot replace the protein that soybean meal supplies.

For business readers, the policy question is simple to state and hard to settle: India cannot simultaneously run an aggressive ethanol programme, protect oilseed growers from imports, and supply a poultry sector growing at 7 to 8 per cent a year with cheap feed. Something has to give, and so far, the adjustment has been borne by poultry farmers and, downstream, by consumers.

Volumes keep climbing anywayRemarkably, none of this has slowed production. India produced 149.11 billion eggs in 2024–25, second only to China, with commercial farms accounting for about 84.5 per cent of output and backyard poultry the rest. CareEdge estimates egg output at around 155 billion in FY26, rising to roughly 163 billion in FY27, with total meat production moving from about 11 million tonnes to 12 million tonnes over the same period.

Data Box 3 · Production Trajectory

Poultry India puts broiler production growth at 6 to 7 per cent a year for 2026–27, concentrated in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Telangana, with the layer segment expanding more moderately on the back of productivity per bird, automation and value-added products. Andhra Pradesh alone accounts for 18.4 per cent of national egg output, Tamil Nadu 15.6 per cent and Telangana 13.0 per cent; the top five states together produce 64.4 per cent of India’s eggs.

Exports remain a modest but real business. India shipped poultry products worth USD 317.79 million in FY26, with the UAE, Oman, Maldives, Indonesia and Japan the leading destinations. Against a sector of roughly USD 31 billion, exports are still a rounding error — which is itself the opportunity, constrained mainly by disease-free-zone certification and processing infrastructure.

The demand headroom argument
The most persuasive case for investing in Indian poultry is not this year’s price cycle. It is the consumption gap. Per capita egg availability is around 100 to 105 eggs a year against the National Institute of Nutrition’s recommended 180. Per capita chicken consumption is roughly 5 kg a year against a global average close to 17.5 kg. Industry estimates suggest that a one-kilogram rise in per-person chicken consumption would add about 1.43 million tonnes of annual demand.

That headroom is being converted by three commercial forces rather than by policy: quick-service restaurants, organised retail, and the shift from live-bird wet markets to chilled and frozen products. Vertically integrated producers — who own the hatchery, the feed mill, the contract farms and increasingly the processing plant — have been the main beneficiaries, because integration is what buffers a business against the feed-price whiplash described above.
The value-of-output data makes the compounding visible. Poultry meat and eggs generated about ₹56,200 crore of output in 2011–12. By 2023–24 that figure was ₹2.67 lakh crore — a growth rate of 9.3 per cent a year for meat and 6.1 per cent for eggs, against 5.3 per cent for milk and 2.1 per cent for cereals.

“Poultry’s share of agriculture and allied output has risen from 2.9 per cent to 5.0 per cent in twelve years. Few segments of Indian agriculture have compounded faster.”

The recurring tax: disease and weather
Avian influenza remains the sector’s single largest tail risk, and 2026 has been an active year. India reported eleven H5N1 outbreaks on farms in Kerala in December, killing roughly 54,100 birds. In February, about 6,000 birds were culled at a research centre in Patna, with movement restrictions imposed across a nine-kilometre surveillance zone. In March, more than 22,000 birds were culled in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh, and in April Karnataka reported its first case of the year at a farm near Bengaluru.

The direct culling loss is rarely the biggest cost. The bigger hit is the demand shock: consumers step away from chicken for several weeks after every widely reported outbreak, and prices in unaffected states fall alongside those in affected ones. Q4 FY25 was a textbook case, and the strong February–March 2026 realisations look impressive partly because they are measured against that depressed base.

Weather has compounded the problem this season. A prolonged heat wave followed by a delayed and unevenly distributed monsoon raised bird mortality and cut egg production in several states, adding to the cost per marketable bird. For layer units, higher mortality in an inflated-feed environment is a double penalty: the feed has already been consumed before the bird is lost.

The industry’s answer, so far, is largely defensive — stronger vaccination protocols, farm-level biosecurity training and surveillance, alongside a push for indigenous vaccine development that would reduce cost for small and mid-sized farms.

What the ratings agencies see
For all the noise, the credit view is constructive. CareEdge describes FY26 as a year of stabilised operating performance — healthy production growth, resilient demand across retail, institutional and food-service channels, improved supply-demand balance and a recovery in profitability with a strong finish in the fourth quarter. Its FY27 outlook for the sector is stable.
The distinction worth drawing is between the organised and unorganised halves of the industry. Integrators with feed-buying scale, forward contracts and processing margins have ridden the cost cycle. Independent broiler and layer farmers, who buy feed at spot and sell birds at spot, have absorbed it. That gap is quietly accelerating consolidation — the most consequential structural trend in the sector right now, and one that will show up over the next few years in contract-farming penetration and in capital-market activity among the larger integrators.

Public support remains focused on the entrepreneurial end. The National Livestock Mission continues to offer a 50 per cent capital subsidy for parent farms, rural hatcheries and brooder-cum-mother units, aimed at small and rural producers rather than at large integrators. It builds capacity; it does not address the feed-price problem that is currently setting margins.

What to watch for the rest of FY27
• The soymeal decision. Whether the Centre permits the 1.5 million tonne import the livestock industry has requested is the single biggest swing factor for margins this year.
• New-crop maize and soybean arrivals. A good kharif arrival could pull feed back toward ₹4,000 a quintal; a poor one locks in current costs through the festive season.
• Ethanol demand for maize. The structural competitor for feed grain is not going away and will keep a floor under maize prices.
• Winter avian influenza. Outbreak seasonality peaks between December and March. Watch for demand shocks rather than culling losses.
• Festive and winter demand. Egg consumption typically strengthens from October, which should support NECC rates even if feed stays elevated.
• Consolidation and capital. Cost pressure is a filter. Expect more contract farming, more integration, and more interest in the sector from public and private capital.

“The bottom line for anyone with capital in this business: India’s poultry demand story is intact and structurally under-served, but 2026 has demonstrated that returns in this sector are set on the input side, not the output side. The operators who will do well over the next eighteen months are not the ones betting on higher chicken prices. They are the ones who have solved for feed.”

References are available on request.

The meeting commenced with an introductory address by Mr. Deepak Khosla, General Manager (Marketing), who welcomed the participants and highlighted the company’s commitment to delivering science-based solutions for the poultry industry.

Dr. Prakash Reddy, DGM (Technical), delivered a currently relevant and focused presentation on “Hatchery Vaccines and Vaccination: Catching the Future”. He emphasized on the emergence of pathogens which are critical for designing effective control strategies because it reveals key vulnerabilities, transmission dynamics (vertical), and potential immune evasion mechanisms. Highlighted the emerging vaccine technologies opening new fields of possibilities for disease control and disease management, which include genotype based vaccines, vector vaccines, immune complex vaccine etc. The novel vaccine technologies would likely impose completely novel immune pressure or selection for resistance with enhanced immunosuppression and changes in patterns of antigenic variation, tissue tropism, and invasion pathways, so should be selective. Lastly, he updated the Innovative hatchery vaccination methods adapted in India for mass administration with speed and accuracy with ease of adaptation of semi-automated subcutaneous vaccination, spray vaccination etc. in day old chicks with a check on vaccinal reactions, errors and miss outs.

The second session, “Improving Broiler Performance through Effective Water Sanitation and Precise Medication Dosing,” was presented by Dr. Datta Kulkarni, DGM (Technical). He discussed how good water quality, effective sanitation, and accurate medication dosing can help enhance broiler health, performance, and farm profitability.

The programme concluded with valuable remarks from Mr. H. S. Padda, DGM, (Marketing), who underlined the importance of adopting scientific and practical approaches to address emerging poultry health challenges. Mr. Shashi Bhushan, AGM, (Marketing), delivered the vote of thanks and expressed gratitude to the speakers and participants for making the meeting informative and successful.

The technical meeting reaffirmed Ventri Biologicals’ commitment to advancing poultry health through knowledge sharing, innovation, and effective field-level solutions.

Zamira brought together its South Asia team, global leadership and key partners for its Annual Kick-Off Meeting, held from 28–30 July 2026 at Aamby Valley, Lonavala. Under the theme “One Team, One Goal,” the three-day event provided an opportunity to reflect on the achievements of the past year, align priorities for FY27 and strengthen the capabilities and partnerships supporting Zamira’s continued growth across South Asia.

Zamira CEO Stewart Cairns travelled from Australia to open the meeting, reviewing the key drivers behind the previous year’s performance and outlining areas of focus for the year ahead.

“South Asia plays a vital role in Zamira’s global success. The dedication of our local team, combined with the strength of our partnerships, continues to set the standard for what ‘One Team, One Goal’ truly means,” Mr Cairns said.

Dr Shaveta Sood, Director South Asia, then presented the FY27 goals and priorities, setting the direction for the team for the coming year.

The program also focused strongly on the commercial, marketing and technical capabilities required to support these objectives. Dr Shailaja Rajyam, Product and Marketing Manager, presented Zamira’s marketing and new product plans, including the marketing communications that will support upcoming product introductions.

Investment in people and capability development was another key focus of the meeting. Agribusiness specialist David Faulkner and Zamira Global Trainer Jane Enciso delivered an advanced sales training program, providing the team with practical tools and strategies to strengthen customer engagement and sales performance.

A dedicated leadership development program for people managers also explored the skills and behaviours required to develop future-ready sales leaders and support the continued growth of Zamira’s people from within the organisation.

Technical learning formed an important part of the program, with Dr Sujit Kulkarni of Bextral, Netherlands, presenting on the technical aspects of ZamiBoost Immune Defence Liquid. The session provided the team with further technical insights to support informed discussions with customers.

The Kick-Off concluded on 30 July with Zamira’s Channel Partners Forum, recognising the important contribution of the distribution and strategic partners who support the company across the region. Partners received commemorative mementos bearing the message “Zamira Celebrating 16 Years of Excellence” in recognition of their loyalty and continued partnership.
The evening also celebrated the achievements of the Zamira South Asia team, with awards recognising outstanding contributions across both sales and support functions. The awards reflected the teamwork, commitment and shared purpose at the heart of this year’s theme.

Closing the event, Dr Shaveta Sood acknowledged the contribution of Zamira’s people and partners to the company’s continued progress in South Asia.

With its people, partners and priorities aligned for FY27, the Annual Kick-Off reinforced the message at the centre of Zamira’s plans for the year ahead: One Team, One Goal.

The U.S. Soybean Export Council (USSEC) organised Soy Connext 2026 at the Hyatt Regency, Chicago, bringing together more than 800 participants from 60 plus countries around the globe from animal nutrition, feed, food and agribusiness sectors. The flagship summit provided an important platform for international collaboration, market intelligence, sustainability, innovation and discussions on strengthening global food, feed and nutritional security. The program also included interactions with U.S. soybean growers, farm visits in Illinois and States, USA, the Soy Excellence Center (SEC) 2026 Top Achiever Recognition Award Ceremony, a Risk Management and Market Awareness Workshop and a technical visit to Kent Feed Mills, Iowa State University.

Strong Representation from Middle East, North Africa and South Asia (MENASA) Region at Soy Connext 2026
The delegation from Indian was led by Mr. Franklin Manuel, India Market Lead, U.S. Soybean Export Council (USSEC) and included Mr. Sanjeev Asthana, CEO, Patanjali Group and President, The Solvent Extractors’ Association of India; Mr. Angshu Mallick, Executive Deputy Chairman, Adani Wilmar Agri Business Limited, Mr. B. V. Mehta, Ms. Garima Jain, Mr. Vidya Bhushan, Mr. Kanubhai Thakkar, Mr. Kedar Kulkarni, Mr. Vinod Kumar Jain, Mr. Saurabh Singh Mehta, Mr. Pradeep Krishna, Mr. Rishan and Mr. Ricky Thaper.

As part of the program, the delegation visited Jeff O’Conner Farm in Illinois State and interacted with Mr. Jeff O’Conner, a sixth-generation soybean grower and Board Director of the Illinois Soybean Association. The visit provided valuable insights into sustainable soybean production, advanced genetics, precision agriculture, technology adoption and environmental stewardship.

Interactions with members of the Illinois Soybean Association during the Illinois Soy Reception further highlighted the importance of farmer-led institutions, strategic planning and public-private partnerships in developing a resilient soybean value chain.
The Soy Excellence Center (SEC) 2026 Top Achiever Recognition Award Ceremony was another important highlight of the program. Ms. Anne Meis, Chair, SEC Global Advisory Panel (GAP) welcomed participants, followed by remarks from Mr. Brent Swart, SEC GAP Secretary, and Mr. Mike McCranie, USSEC Chair.
Mr. Brent Swart presented the Impact Subcommittee Report, while Mr. Joel Schreurs, SEC GAP Treasurer, presented the Finance Subcommittee Report. Mr. Brent Babb, Executive Director, Soy Excellence Center, provided an update on SEC’s growing global footprint. Regional updates from the Americas, Asia, China, India, Nigeria and MENA demonstrated SEC’s contribution towards professional capacity building across the global protein value chain.

A proud moment for India came when Dr. Vijay Anand E. Pilli, Center Lead, Soy Excellence Center–India, highlighted the achievements of the SEC -India.
The STAR Award was presented to Dr. Pragati Salutgi in recognition of her outstanding contribution. Mr. Jim Sutter, CEO, USSEC appreciated the contributions of SEC Global Advisory Panel and Regional Advisory Council Members.

I feel truly honoured to serve as a Regional Advisory Council Member – India of the Soy Excellence Center – SEC India, an outstanding initiative of U.S. Soybean Export Council (USSEC). Over the years, SEC has played a transformative role in upskilling professionals across the livestock, feed, aquaculture and food sectors, thereby strengthening the global protein value chain. A heartfelt thank you to Soy Excellence Center and U.S. Soybean Export Council (USSEC) entire teams for their unwavering dedication and visionary leadership in investing in people – the most valuable asset for the future of poultry, dairy, aqua and food industry.

During a special media interaction attended by more than 20 international journalists, Mr. Mike McCranie, Chair, USSEC Board of Directors shared the perspective of U.S. soybean farmers and while reflecting on life as a soybean farmer, he shared a powerful thought “We love to produce crops and watch them grow. But what we really love is seeing our crops feed people around the

world. That is, without question, the most gratifying part of being a farmer.” His words beautifully captured the true purpose of agriculture—feeding the world.

Mr. Jim Sutter, CEO, USSEC, emphasized that Soy Connext 2026 with 800 plus registrations is more than a conference—it is a global platform for collaboration, innovation and sharing scientific insights. Mr. Sutter highlighted that U.S. Soy combines superior feed performance, verified sustainability and a highly reliable supply chain, positioning it to meet the world’s growing demand for protein. With global soybean import demand projected to rise significantly and a record U.S. soybean crop expected this year, the outlook for U.S. Soy remains exceptionally strong. Mr. Jim Sutter added U.S. Soy supply chain is backed by highway, rail, river and barge logistics that buffer supply when a buyer needs it, we deliver it. The world needs more protein and more oil for decades to come and U.S. Soy delivers both reliably, sustainably and at a value buyers can trust.

Post Media interaction, I had Insightful discussions with Mr. Kevin Roepke, Executive Director, USSEC – Middle East, North Africa & South Asia (MENASA), highlighted that SoyConnext2026 once again demonstrated U.S. Soy leadership in enabling sustainable food and feed systems worldwide. Mr. Kevin Roepke added Soy Connext has established itself as the world’s premier globally recognized soy event. Every year, it gets bigger and better and we are proud to see that this year we had over 800 participants join us from across the world. Apart from the stellar agenda and amazing speaker line-up, this conference also gives us the opportunity to network with the industry veterans, customers, U.S. soybean farmers, USSEC members and more. It represents what USSEC stands for: strengthening partnerships, fostering relations and building a preference for U.S. Soy across the world. These in person engagements build trust, emphasize the importance of supply chain resilience. Insatiable demand for both protein and oil is setting an exciting stage for the conversations and discussions being held. To that end, U.S. Soy plays a pivotal role in improving nutrition security across the world, while doing so in an environmentally sustainable and responsible manner.

Mr. Franklin Manuel, India Market Lead, USSEC described the engagement as a truly rewarding experience, emphasizing that the high-level interactions strengthened understanding and relationships across the U.S.–India soy value chain. The discussions opened new avenues for trade, innovation, sustainability and market development, while creating a stronger foundation for future soy cooperation and advocacy.

Mr. Sanjeev Asthana, CEO, Patanjali Group and President, The Solvent Extractors’ Association of India appreciated the depth of discussions at Soy Connext 2026, noting that the event brought critical issues around trade, agriculture and protein to the forefront. He emphasized that the Indian crushing and animal protein industries have valuable lessons to draw from global trends shaping the future of business.

Mr. Angshu Mallick, Executive Deputy Chairman, Adani Wilmar Agri Business Limited, highlighted the opportunity to interact with delegates from across the world and observe how the global soybean industry is increasingly focused on sustainability and critical role of soybeans in food and feed systems.

Mr. Pradeep Krishna, Executive Director, SKM Animal Feeds & Foods (India) Pvt Ltd., said Events like Soy Connext 2026 create meaningful platforms for dialogue, strengthen relationships across the value chain and open pathways for long-term collaboration. During networking reception my discussions with farmer leaders from American Soybean Association (ASA), United Soybean Board (USB) and U.S. Soybean Export Council (USSEC), reinforced one key message: international collaboration is essential to building resilient, sustainable and nutrition-focused food systems.

Global Leaders Share Perspectives on the Future of Soy during Soy Connext 2026 Conference

Soy Connext 2026 – Where Bright Minds Connect, commenced with welcome and opening remarks by Mr. Mike McCranie, Chair, USSEC Board of Directors.

Ms. Colby P., Executive Director, International Strategy, USSEC, introduced Ms. Michelle Caruso-Cabrera, CEO, MCC Global Enterprises, CNBC Contributor, who spoke on “Global Forces at Play: Geopolitics, Trade & the Future of Soy.”

Mr. Tanner Ehmke, Lead Economist, CoBank, presented “The Global Soy Outlook: Supply, Demand & Market Signals.” A panel on “How It’s Growing: Inside the 2026 U.S. Soy Crop” featured Mr. Mike McCranie; Mr. Randy Miller, Director, USSEC; Mr. J. L. Scott Metzger, President, American Soybean Association; and Mr. Brent Gatton, Chair, United Soybean Board.

On the last day of Soy Connext 2026, Mr. Daniel Whitley, Administrator, Foreign Agricultural Service, USDA, addressed the delegates, followed by Mr. Juan Luciano, CEO, ADM, who highlighted the importance of an integrated soy value chain covering origination, processing, logistics and merchandising. This was followed by break-out session and there were insightful presentations from other distinguished leaders across the global soy value chain.

The summit concluded with remarks by Mr. Jim Sutter, CEO, USSEC, who emphasised the value of bringing U.S. soybean farmers, processors, traders, agribusinesses and international trade teams together to exchange knowledge and explore new opportunities. Mr. Sutter said attendees will depart with a clear perspective on the opportunities ahead and a look forward to what’s next. Mr. Sutter announced that Soy Connext 2027 will be held in New York, USA, from August 16–18, 2027.

Soy Connext 2026 was sponsored by several associations and companies; Illinois Soybean

Association, Indiana Soybean Alliance, Iowa Soybean Association, Ohio Soybean Council and South Dakota Soybean Council were the Platinum Sponsors. Cargill, Frey, The Delong Company, Nebraska Soybean Board, SOYLEIC and The Russell Marine Group were the Gold Sponsors. Kansas Soybean Association, Kentucky Soybean Board, North Dakota Soybean Council, Northern Soy, Tennessee Soybean Promotion Board and Wisconsin Soybean Marketing Board were the Silver Sponsors and SGS, Blue Grass Farms of Ohio Inc., CHS Inc., Insta-Pro International, US Identity Preserved

Alliance, International Feed Corporation, ADM, AGP, Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board, Bunge, Consolidated Grain & Barge, Fornazor, Hawkeye Gold Lcc, Minnesota Soybean Research, Perdue Agribusiness LLC, Poet, Ray-Mont Logistics America, Stone Arch Commodities, The Scoular Company, Trans Globe, US Nisshin Shokai Inc., Wheaton Grain Inc., were the Bronze Sponsors of Soy Connext 2026.

Market Intelligence and Risk Management
Following Soy Connext, the USSEC MENASA Trade Team participated in a “Risk Management and Market Awareness” Workshop on August 8 at the Hyatt Regency, Chicago.

Mr. Kevin Roepke, Executive Director, USSEC–MENASA, welcomed participants from the Middle East, North Africa and South Asia and introduced Mr. Guy H. Allen, Senior Economist.The workshop covered global agricultural commodity markets, soybean trade dynamics, supply-demand fundamentals, price discovery, market volatility, forecasting and practical risk-management strategies.

For India’s poultry, livestock, dairy and aquaculture sectors, such knowledge is increasingly important for managing feed ingredient availability, price fluctuations and long-term feed security.

From Iowa Soybean Fields to Feed Technology
Post conference, the delegation visited Grubbs Lands & Cattle Farm in Iowa State, and had good interaction with Mr. Brock Grubbs, a sixth-generation farmer producing soybean and corn across approximately 4,200 acres. The visit provided insights into precision agriculture, advanced genetics, technology and sustainable farming. Ms. Karen Long, Project Coordinator, Iowa Soybean Association, briefed the delegation on farming and sustainability practices.

Later the Trade Team visited the Kent Feed Mill and Grain Science Complex at Iowa State University, a modern facility integrating education, research, analytical laboratories and pilot-scale feed manufacturing. Dr. Dirk Maier, Professor and Director, Kent Feed Mill and Grain Science Complex, Dr. Camille Schroeder, Associate Director and Mr. A S M Younus Bhuiyan Sabbir, Assistant Manager of Grain Center, briefed the delegation on advancements in feed technology, grain science, research and industry-academia collaboration.

Strengthening U.S.–South Asia Partnerships
Thanks to Mr. Kevin Roepke, Executive Director (MENASA), U.S. Soybean Export Council, Mr. Franklin Manuel, India Market Lead, USSEC Ms. Deeba Giannoulis, Regional Food and Nutritional Security & Trade Strategy Leader–MENASA, Ms. Hibah Ameer, Regional Communications Lead–MENASA, Dr. Vijay Anand E. Pilli, Dr. Ashesh Bhattarai, Nepal Market Lead, Mr. Saram Bokhari, Pakistan Market Lead, Mr. KhaBiBur RahMan, Bangladesh Market Lead, Dr. Khurram Shahbaz, Regional Special Projects Facilitator, South Asia, Ms. Nikita Sharma, PMP, Ms. Dhanu Basavraj, Mr. Tara Singh Rawat, and all other members of the USSEC team for organizing this highly educational and informative program and for providing members of the MENASATrade Team with this valuable learning opportunity. Initiatives like these play a vital role in enhancing industry knowledge, strengthening international partnerships, and fostering sustainable growth across the global agricultural and animal protein sectors.

From soybean farms in Illinois and Iowa States to global

discussions during Soy Connext 2026 in Chicago and advanced feed and grain research visit at Iowa State University, offered valuable insights into the U.S. soybean value chain.

As India, the United States and other countries work to meet the growing global demand for affordable and nutritious protein, collaboration in feed security, technology, sustainability, research and trade can play an important role. The journey through the U.S. soybean and feed ecosystem therefore offered much more than an understanding of American agriculture. It provided a broader perspective on how innovation, farmer leadership, scientific research, market intelligence and international cooperation can come together to build more resilient, competitive and sustainable food and feed systems for the future.

Yet despite the widespread use of organic trace minerals (OTMs), one important misconception continues to exist in the industry: that all organic trace minerals are the same.

Looking Beyond Inclusion Levels
When evaluating trace mineral programs, discussions often focus on inclusion rates, mineral concentration, and cost per ton of feed.

However, the true value of a trace mineral is not determined simply by how much is added to a formulation. Rather, it is determined by how much of that mineral is available for absorption and utilization by the bird. This distinction becomes increasingly important in modern poultry production.

Many producers experiencing challenges like, inconsistent performance, reduced meat quality, or variability in the flock focus on nutrient inclusion. Yet nutrients can only contribute to biological functions if they successfully reach the absorption sites where they are needed.

As poultry genetics continue to advance, nutritional efficiency has become just as important as nutritional adequacy. This shift is causing nutritionists to move beyond a simple question of: “How much mineral is in the feed?” to a more important question: “How much mineral is actually available to the bird?”

Understanding the Challenge: Mineral Antagonism
Trace minerals perform important functions throughout the bird’s body. Zinc, copper, and manganese act as cofactors for numerous enzymes involved in bone formation, connective tissue development, collagen synthesis, skin integrity, antioxidant defense, and immune function.

However, the digestive tract is a highly complex environment. As minerals move through digestion, they encounter changes in pH and interactions with dietary compounds such as phytate, fiber components, and even other minerals. These interactions can reduce mineral availability before absorption occurs.

This phenomenon, referred to as mineral antagonism, helps explain why increasing mineral inclusion does not always result in improved mineral utilization. Simply feeding more minerals does not necessarily mean the bird receives more minerals. In many situations, the challenge is not supply. The challenge is bioavailability.

Dietary antagonisms can reduce mineral availability before absorption occurs, limiting nutrient utilization despite adequate inclusion levels

Organic Trace Minerals: A Category, Not a Chemistry
To help improve mineral bio-availability, the industry increasingly adopted organic trace minerals. However, the term “organic trace mineral” can create confusion. Some assume that all OTMs provide similar benefits because they belong to the same category. In reality, organic trace minerals represent a broad group of products that may differ substantially in:
· Ligand type
· Ligand-to-mineral ratio
· Molecular structure
· Bonding characteristics
· Electrical charge of the molecule
· Stability in Upper Digestive Tract
These differences influence how minerals behave in the gastrointestinal tract and how effectively they remain available for absorption. In other words, two products may both be labelled as organic trace minerals while functioning very differently inside the bird.

Why Chelation Matters
Among organic trace minerals, one class stands out from the others: bis-chelates. The word chelate originates from the Greek word chela, meaning crab claw or pincer. Similar to two crabs holding a metal securely giving it the maximum protection a Chelate forms when a ligand connects to a metal atom at more than two points. A 2 five member rings connected to the metal with two points of contact is the most stable complex found in nature. This structure helps provide protection compared with less defined mineral associations. However, not all organic trace minerals are true chelates. True chelates require a neutral charge to protect the mineral and enhance stability. Not all organic trace minerals (OTMs) provide a neutral charge; therefore, not all OTMs are true chelates. Some products are better described as complexes, proteinates, or other association forms. While they are still classified as organic trace minerals, they can differ significantly in chemical stability and behavior during digestion. The degree of protection provided by the mineral structure ultimately determines how vulnerable the mineral may be to antagonistic interactions.
Differences exist among chelates, too. There are chelates where one ligand is bound to the metal and then there are bis-chelates where two ligands are bound, creating a neutral charge and making the molecule less susceptible to antagonism. (see image)

Why Molecular Structure Matters
Research continues to demonstrate that mineral structure influences stability and bio-availability. When minerals dissociate during digestion, they become charged ions that are more likely to interact with negatively charged compounds such as phytate, fiber complexes and other minerals. These interactions can reduce availability before absorption occurs.

For this reason, increasing attention is being given to mineral structures specifically designed to maintain stability throughout digestion. One such approach is bis-chelation technology.

Bis-chelated trace minerals are characterized by a defined molecular structure consisting of one mineral ion bound to two ligands, creating two stable chelate rings. This unique architecture helps maintain structural integrity while moving through the digestive tract.
An equally important feature is their neutral molecular charge. Because neutrally charged molecules are less likely to participate in unwanted interactions, the structure helps protect the mineral, reducing opportunities for antagonism and supporting mineral availability until absorption occurs.

Bis-chelated trace minerals feature a defined molecular structure designed to support stability and mineral availability during digestion.

The Future of Trace Mineral Nutrition
As poultry production evolves, mineral nutrition must evolve with it. The industry’s next opportunity may not come from increasing mineral inclusion rates but from improving how effectively minerals are utilized by the bird. This requires looking beyond product categories and focusing on the scientific characteristics that influence mineral availability. Organic trace minerals can provide significant advantages over traditional inorganic sources. However, not all organic trace minerals are created equal. Their molecular structure matters. Their stability matters. And ultimately, their ability to deliver minerals to the animal matters.

As nutritionists continue searching for ways to improve performance consistency, skeletal integrity, meat quality, and return on investment, bis-chelated trace minerals are an increasingly important technology because they combine defined structure, enhanced stability, and optimized bioavailability into a scientifically designed mineral solution.

Contact your local NOVUS representative to learn more about bis-chelated trace minerals from the company that brought the technology to the animal agriculture industry over 20 years ago.

Dr. Partha P. Biswas, Former Associate Professor & HoD,

Because more poultry meat and eggs are being produced worldwide, people are asking for better, more sustainable ways to farm. This means finding new and better ways to feed animals in the future. From 2000 to 2020, global egg production went up by more than 41%, increasing from 51 million to 87 million tonnes, with an average annual growth rate of 3%.In 2023, poultry meat production hit 145 million tonnes and is still rising. With 6.29 million tonnes produced in 2020, India is fast approaching the level of production in the USA (6.29 million tonnes) produced in 2020. With an average egg size slightly lower than that in the USA (average weight of a standard large chicken egg 56.7 grams (2 oz) in the USA as against 50 to 55 grams in India), the Indian egg sector estimated that they have already overtaken the USA in terms of the number of eggs produced. India produced 149.11 billion eggs in the 2024–25 period, while the United States produced approximately 105 billion eggs in 2025. This growth is making it more important to find sustainable ways to feed animals.Even though raising poultry is less harmful to the environment compared to other types of animal farming, it still has some negative effects, such as increasing global warming, making water too rich in nutrients (eutrophication), and making soil too acidic. Low-carbon poultry feed is now moving from just an idea to real, practical use. Feed is responsible for about 70% of the total carbon footprint in poultry farming, so it’s the biggest area where we can cut down on carbon emissions. To make poultry farming more sustainable, we need to change how we get, mix, and use feed. Soybean meal and fishmeal have been the main sources of protein for animals, used in everything from chicken farming to fish farming. But keeping on using them at the same levels is bad for the environment. The reason we’re looking for alternatives isn’t because these materials don’t work well for animals—they are very effective. It’s because they cause serious environmental and economic problems, especially for systems that try to be sustainable and manage fish resources properly.

CIRCULAR AND ALTERNATIVE INGREDIENTS
Producers are actively moving away from relying entirely on conventional corn and deforestation-linked soy. Feed formulations are increasingly incorporating agro-industrial by-products, former foodstuffs (circular feed), and alternative protein crops like rapeseed and peas.
Life Cycle Assessments show that feeds formulated with these by-products can have a carbon footprint nearly 40% lower than traditional raw material feeds.

THE “BIG THREE INGREDIENTS” OF POULTRY FEED
Poultry sector consumes ~60% of India’s maize (~20+ million tonnes annually).Soybean meal demand: ~6-7 million tonnes domestically. In commercial broiler and layer operations, dry fish meal is rarely used When added at strategic levels, typically 3-8% in starter feeds and 2-5% in grower phases, fish meal enhances palatability, encouraging birds to consume more feed during critical early stages. This increased intake, paired with high digestibility, results in superior weight gains and improved FCR. In the layer segment, specialized demand exists for producing enriched eggs. The long-chain n-3 fatty acids (like DHA) in marine lipids transfer efficiently into the yolk.

1. SOYBEAN MEAL (THE PROTEIN BASE) : Soybean meal is the main source of protein in chicken feed around the world, but it has a big impact on the environment. The protein in soybean meal is high in lysine, which is first limiting amino acid in most chicken diets. This makes it a great match for grains like corn and wheat. India does not allow growing or bringing in raw genetically modified (GM)soybeans or seeds. India’s soybean production fell a lot during the 2025-2026 growing season, reaching about 11 to 12.7 million tons, which is much lower than before, causing a serious shortage of supply. When there are not enough non-GM soybeans locally, they get them from certain African countries. Non-GM soybeans are more expensive than GM ones. Even though GM soybean meal has been allowed sometimes to meet the protein needs for animal feed, there are worries about the effects on the environment. These worries include carbon emissions from cutting down forests in important areas like the Amazon and Cerrado, more risks for climate change, loss of wildlife, and pollution from farm chemicals running into water.

2.CORN / MAIZE (THE ENERGY SOURCE) : Corn provides the bulk energy in most poultry diets. While corn generally has a lower carbon footprint per kilogram than soy, birds eat much more of it. The primary carbon issue with corn is its heavy reliance on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. Manufacturing these fertilizers is extremely energy-intensive, and applying them to fields releases nitrous oxide (N₂O),a green house gas nearly 300 times more potent than carbon dioxide. Tractor fuel for plowing is another important issue.

3.FISH MEAL (THE SPECIALITY PROTEIN) : Though used in far smaller amounts (typically for young chicks or breeder birds), fish meal has a complex environmental footprint. The issue of TMA accumulation leading to a fishy flavor in brown-shelled eggs arises from a genetic defect in up to 10% of brown-feathered hens. Normally, TMA is oxidized in the liver into a harmless compound by the action of the enzyme trimethylamine oxidase. The synthesis of this enzyme depends on the expression of the FM03 gene, located on chromosome 8. In the case of anon-synonymous mutation in the FM03 gene (designated T3295),hens cannot oxidize TMA, which then accumulates in the yolk. Poultry diets restrict fish meal to 5-10% of total feed due to ecological inefficiencies. Fishmeal is sourced from small forage fish like anchovies and sardines, which are crucial to the marine food web. Overfishing these species endangers higher trophic levels, leading to decline predatory fish, marine mammals, and seabirds.Moreover, forage fish populations are vulnerable to climate change, causing unstable fishmeal supplies and significant price volatility.India is the third-largest producer and exporter of fishmeal. Fig.1:

Fig.1: Typical poultry feed mix

ECONOMIC HURDLES TO TRANSITION OF CIRCULAR PROTEINS
The transition to circular proteins, such as microbial biomass, insect meal, or fermented agro-industrial waste, is essential for stabilizing ecosystems and is crucial for a sustainable livestock industry. However, commercial feed mills face significant economic barriers due to scale, commodity pricing, and supply chain maturity, making it challenging to replace traditional soybean meal. Here are the primary economic hurdles commercial mills face today:

THE PRICE PARITY GAP
Decades of agricultural subsidies, optimized supply chains, and massive economies of scale keep their prices relatively low and stable (historically ranging from $600-$750 per ton for soy, and $1,500 to $2,000 for fishmeal). In contrast, alternative proteins like Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) or microalgae carry immense initial capital expenditures (CapEx) to build high-tech bio-manufacturing or fermentation facilities.
Although insects like Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) raised on organic waste represent the ultimate circular protein, converting low-value biomass into high-value feed with a minimal land and water footprint. BSFL defatted protein meal and de-oiled powder generally trade between ₹110 and ₹250 per kg in Indian market & wholesale price roughly between $1,320 and $3,000 USD per ton.

SCALE AND VOLUME CONSISTENCY
Commercial feed mills produce feed continuously, requiring tens of thousands of tons of standardized ingredients every single month. Currently, very few alternative protein manufacturers can guarantee that volume without interruption. If a mill alters its highly specific formulation to include 5% insect meal, and the supplier falls short on delivery, the mill has to halt production, re-calibrate its software, and reformulate the diet using different ingredients. This downtime is extraordinarily expensive.

HIDDEN COSTS OF NUTRITIONAL REBALANCING
Soybean meal and fishmeal are highly dependable. Nutritionists have a clear understanding of how these ingredients function within the digestive systems of fish and birds. When a mill uses insect meal or a plant-based alternative to fishmeal, the amino acid profile changes. As a result, the mill needs to purchase additional synthetic amino acids, such as L-methionine or L-lysine, along with specific feed enzymes to compensate for the missing nutrients. This helps maintain the animals’ growth rates. Even if the base alternative protein is priced competitively, these added ingredients increase the overall cost of the final feed formulation.

RETROFITTING MILL INFRASTRUCTURE
Feed mills are designed to handle, grind, and pellet traditional grains and meals. However, alternative ingredients often have very different physical properties. For instance, some insect meals contain significantly more fat than solvent-extracted soybean meal. High levels of lipids can cause blockages in extruders, reduce the quality of feed pellets (making them prone to breaking during transport), and damage machinery. To effectively use these new ingredients at high levels, mills usually need to invest heavily in upgrading their equipment, such as adding new vacuum liquid-coating systems for fats. Many mills are reluctant to make these costly investments due to financial concerns.

REGULATORY APPROVAL COSTS
The global feed industry has strict rules to stop harmful substances from getting into the food chain. To get approval for a new type of protein, like microbial biomass or insect protein, used in animal feed, companies must do many expensive and time-consuming tests. These tests check for safety, look for heavy metals, and measure how well the protein is digested. This process can take many years.The cost of these tests ends up being passed on to the feed producers, which raises the cost of the ingredients. Unless these alternative proteins can be made in large amounts and sold at prices that are as good as soy or wild-caught fish, they are probably only used in special, high-end, or environmentally friendly feed products, not in regular, mass-produced feeds..Fig.2:

Fig.2: A picture showing how to raise chickens in a way that is good for the environment, people, and the poultry industry. It shows how being efficient with resources, taking care of the chickens’ health and happiness, keeping the farm safe from disease, making sure the chickens are productive, and making the whole food system strong and able to handle challenges are all connected and important.

THE GLOBAL RACE TO DECARBONIZE LIVESTOCK DIET

CIRCULAR INGREDIENTS & CARBON REDUCTION
Upcycling Waste: Using agricultural and slaughterhouse by-products (like DDGS, fruit pomace, and rendered fats) reduces reliance on land-intensive virgin crops and prevents landfill methane. The sustainable use of fruit and vegetable residues (FVRs) in poultry feed formulations has gained considerable attention due to their potential in advancing animal health However, certain challenge such as anti-nutritional factors, palatability issues, and processing techniques are also associated while incorporating these residues into poultry diets. Fermentation technologies create new opportunities to recover nutrients from agricultural residues and improve their value in poultry diets.

Carbon-Optimized Formulation: Modern feed software integrates Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) data to dynamically select ingredients based on their carbon footprint, not just cost and nutrition. LCA is a measurement of the emissions generated during its cultivation, processing, and transport. The software can calculate the exact environmental cost of using raw protein crops (like soy) versus supplementing with synthetic amino acids. It optimizes the diet to prevent protein overfeeding, which simultaneously lowers the feed’s initial GWP (Global Warming Potential) and reduces the nitrogen output (and offensive odors) in the poultry droppings.

THE SHIFT TO DDGS (DISTILLERS DRIED GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES)

Cost Advantage: Maize-based DDGS (₹17-₹20/kg) is significantly cheaper than soymeal (~₹40/kg), driving rapid adoption in the poultry industry.
Substitution Limits: DDGS can replace 25-30% of maize demand. Insect protein and algae can replace small portions of soy (5-10%).
Ongoing Conventional Reliance: Despite these alternatives, conventional ingredients will still make up 60-70% of overall feed requirements.
PRECISION NUTRITION
Targeted Diets: Formulating feed to match exact amino acid and energy needs improves the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR).
Lower Emissions: Preventing protein overfeeding reduces nitrogen in manure, which directly lowers harmful nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions downstream. Fig.3

Fig.3: Alternative protein sources for animal feed in a circular bioeconomy could include things like leftover materials from farming and food processing, meals made from insects and worms, leftovers from biorefineries, proteins made by microbes, and by-products from aquatic sources.

BETWEEN REALITY AND RHETORIC: LOW-CARBON POULTRY FEED
Moving from using a wide variety of ingredients in poultry feed to providing exactly what the birds need at each stage of growth is key to creating real low-carbon feed. While some talk about replacing soy with new ingredients, the actual science is about making tiny, precise changes. It’s about giving birds exactly the right nutrients they need, in the right amounts, so nothing is wasted. Real reductions in carbon emissions from poultry feed don’t come from using popular or fashionable ingredients. They come from making sure every part of the feed works as efficiently as possible. Ensuring every gram of feed is used well is the best way a farm can help the environment. Instead of providing too much crude protein, experts can use specific synthetic amino acids like L-Methionine, L-Lysine, and L-Threonine.This helps reduce the total amount of crude protein in the birds’ diets. By cutting crude protein by just 1.5%, farms can lower their carbon footprint by about 70 kg of CO₂ equivalent per ton.

CONCLUSION
Despite having significant potential, incorporating insects, algae, fermented products, and agricultural and industrial by-products into chicken feed continues to face multiple challenges. These challenges include scientific, technical, economic, and legal difficulties. For insects, key issues include variability in their nutritional content based on their diet, high chitin content that complicates protein digestion for chickens, higher production costs compared to traditional protein sources, and the absence of established international safety and quality standards. Consumer acceptance of chicken products derived from insect-based diets remains uncertain, which may hinder large-scale adoption. The effort to reduce the carbon footprint in chicken feed presents a mix of real benefits and exaggerated claims. While some measurable progress is achievable, the extent and impact of these improvements often fall short of what companies assert. Reducing the carbon footprint in chicken feed is neither a complete solution nor a total myth; it represents incremental steps within a broader system that is not sustainable. The true advantages come from the following areas:

– Integrating a circular bioeconomy into feed production
– Minimizing reliance on imported protein
– Utilizing waste materials effectively
– Developing better alternative ingredients

The industry must shift from making grand promises to achieving tangible improvements. This involves recognizing and celebrating small achievements, such as 5-10% reductions, while also being honest about limitations and working towards broader changes that extend beyond mere feed modifications. This conclusion reflects both the actual progress being made and the gap between marketing claims and real-world outcomes, offering a balanced assessment of the industry’s current position regarding sustainable feed promises. Hybrid feeding systems that combine commercial and alternative feed sources generally provide the most consistent results, although maintaining mineral balance is essential during the laying phase.

REFERENCES
1.Vincent Guyonnet (2025) : Chapter 2 World Egg Production and Marketing Trends, In book: Handbook of egg science and technology (pp.9-26) Publisher: CRC Press. DOI:10.1201/9781003254430-3.
2.Hairui Yu et al (2025): Sustainable poultry farming: mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in poultry farming through nutritional and environmental modulations. World’s Poultry Science JournalVolume 81, 2025 – Issue 4: Pages 1081-1141.
3.Dheeraj Kumar et al (2025): Alternative feed ingredients in poultry diets: A review of nutritional potential, processing technologies, and challenges. International Journal of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry 2025; SP-10(9): 16-19.
4.Yadi Oktariansyah*& Mustafa Kamal (2026): Alternative Feed Use in Poultry Chickens: Impacts on Feed Efficiency and Physiological Parameters—A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Natural Sciences ISSN 2721-5571 (Online) Vol.7, No.1 March 2026: 41-53.