Introduction

Gut: The First Line of Immune Defence
The intestinal defence system consists of several interconnected components, including the mucus layer, intestinal epithelial cells, tight junctions, antimicrobial substances, gut microbiota and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT).

The epithelial cells form a physical barrier between the intestinal contents and the internal tissues. Tight-junction proteins such as occludin, claudins and ZO-1 regulate the movement of substances between epithelial cells. The mucus layer provides an additional protective environment, while immune cells located within and beneath the intestinal mucosa continuously monitor microbial and dietary antigens.
Thus, the intestine acts as both a selective absorption system and an immune surveillance system.

Gut Microbiota and Immune Development
The intestinal tract contains a complex microbial ecosystem. A balanced microbial population can contribute to pathogen exclusion, production of microbial metabolites, maintenance of intestinal integrity and modulation of host immune responses.
Beneficial microorganisms and their metabolites communicate with intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells. Among these metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate and butyrate are particularly important because they can influence epithelial health, immune-cell activity and inflammatory responses. Therefore, gut microbiota and immunity have a bidirectional relationship. A healthy microbiota supports a healthy intestinal barrier and balanced immune signalling. At the same time, the immune system regulates microbial populations and helps maintain intestinal homeostasis.
What Happens When Gut Health Is Compromised?
Commercial poultry are exposed to several factors capable of disturbing gut integrity, including coccidiosis, bacterial pathogens, mycotoxins, heat stress, poor water quality, nutritional imbalance and dysbiosis.

A compromised gut can result in epithelial damage, disruption of tight junctions, increased intestinal permeability, inflammation and oxidative stress, altered immune response and reduced performance. This process is sometimes described as increased “intestinal permeability” or “leaky gut.”

When intestinal integrity is compromised, nutrients may not be utilized efficiently and microbial products can interact more extensively with host immune mechanisms. The bird may consequently spend additional nutrients and metabolic resources on inflammation and tissue repair rather than growth or egg production.

Coccidiosis, Mycotoxins and Heat Stress

Coccidiosis is a classic example of the gut–immune relationship. Eimeria infection damages intestinal epithelial cells, alters intestinal morphology and stimulates an inflammatory and immune response. Consequently, coccidiosis control is not only a parasite-management issue but also a gut health, nutrition and immune-management issue.

Similarly, mycotoxins can affect intestinal integrity, oxidative status, microbial balance and immune function. Their impact may therefore extend beyond the feed itself to the overall gut–immune axis.

Heat stress is particularly important in tropical poultry production. Heat stress can alter feed intake, intestinal physiology, microbial balance and barrier integrity, potentially increasing inflammatory and oxidative stress. Maintaining gut integrity during heat stress is therefore an important component of maintaining flock resilience.

Gut Health and Vaccine Response
An effective vaccination program depends on the bird’s ability to recognize antigens and develop appropriate humoral and cellular immune responses. This requires adequate availability of energy, amino acids, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. Therefore, gut health indirectly supports the nutritional foundation required for immune responses. A healthy intestine facilitates nutrient digestion and absorption, while intestinal inflammation or damage can increase nutrient requirements for tissue repair and immune activity. It is important, however, to recognize that good gut health alone does not guarantee vaccine success. Vaccine quality, administration, maternal immunity, biosecurity, disease pressure, nutrition and environmental conditions also influence the final immune response.

Nutritional Support for the Gut–Immune Axis
Nutrition is one of the most important tools for supporting the gut–immune relationship. Zinc contributes to epithelial integrity, cellular proliferation, enzyme activity and immune-cell function. Selenium is an important component of antioxidant defence systems and supports cellular protection and immune function. Vitamins A and E also contribute to mucosal integrity, antioxidant protection and immune responses.
Nutritional interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, organic acids, enzymes, yeast-derived products, MOS and β-glucans may be used as part of integrated gut-health programs. MOS can support gut health through microbial interactions and pathogen-exclusion mechanisms, while β-glucans can interact with innate immune pathways and influence immune-cell activity. However, responses depend on product source, structure, dose, bird age, diet and challenge conditions; therefore, these products should be evaluated based on scientific evidence and field performance rather than assuming that all products have identical effects.

Practical Approach for Commercial Poultry
A successful gut-health program should not depend on a single feed additive. It should combine:
– High-quality and properly stored feed
– Regular mycotoxin monitoring and management
– Good drinking-water quality and sanitation
– Effective coccidiosis control
– Appropriate vaccination and biosecurity
– Heat-stress management
– Balanced amino acid, vitamin and mineral nutrition
– Appropriate use of probiotics, prebiotics/postbiotics and other gut-health products
– Monitoring of litter quality, feed intake, FCR, mortality and flock uniformity

Conclusion
The gut and immune system should be viewed as two interconnected components of the same biological defence network. A healthy intestinal microbiota, intact epithelial barrier and properly functioning GALT provide the foundation for balanced immune development and response. For commercial poultry, the concept is simple: “Protect the gut to support immunity, and support immunity to maintain flock resilience.”
Gut health is therefore not only about digestion and FCR. It is closely connected with nutrient utilization, immune development, disease resistance, vaccine responsiveness and ultimately flock productivity.
The future of poultry nutrition will increasingly focus on managing the gut–microbiota–immune axis through integrated nutrition, health and farm-management strategies rather than addressing individual problems in isolation.

Introduction : Every year, invisible contaminants hidden within grains and feed ingredients silently reduce livestock productivity. Mycotoxins—naturally occurring toxic compounds produced by fungi—are responsible for millions of dollars in economic losses through poor growth, reduced immunity, reproductive disorders, lower feed efficiency, and increased mortality. Although impossible to see with the naked eye, their impact on poultry, swine, and dairy production is enormous.

What Are Mycotoxins?
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by moulds such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. Scientists have identified over 300 different mycotoxins, and studies indicate that nearly one-quarter of global feed supplies may be contaminated.
The most economically important toxins include:
-Aflatoxins
– Ochratoxins
– Fumonisins
– Deoxynivalenol (DON)
– T-2 Toxin
– Zearalenone
Each affects animals differently, but all reduce productivity and profitability.

Why Do Mycotoxins Develop?
Moulds flourish when four conditions come together:
– Warm temperatures
– High humidity
– Moisture in grains
– Oxygen
Once established, fungal growth continues during harvesting, storage, transportation, and feed manufacturing unless properly controlled.

India’s Mycotoxin Challenge
Recent testing presented in the report paints a worrying picture. 6,304 feed analysis, 99% contamination, and 83% above the performance-risk threshold.
Key Findings

– 6,304 feed analysis conducted
– 99% showed detectable contamination
– 83% exceeded performance-risk thresholds
Among ingredients, DORB, peanut meal, maize, soybean meal, DDGS, and corn gluten all showed significant contamination levels.

Multiple Mycotoxins: A Greater Threat
Animals are rarely exposed to a single toxin.
Instead, feeds commonly contain multiple mycotoxins that interact synergistically, making the combined damage significantly greater than the effect of individual toxins. This explains why even relatively low toxin concentrations can cause substantial production losses.

Economic Impact on Farms
The consequences are visible across every production system.

Poultry
– Lower feed intake
– Reduced weight gain
– Poor feed conversion
– Thin eggshells
– Lower hatchability
– Fatty liver
– Weak immunity

Swine
– Reproductive disorders
– Embryonic mortality
– Vomiting
– Reduced growth
– Feed refusal
– Tail necrosis
– Liver and kidney damage
Ultimately, these problems translate directly into economic losses through poorer animal performance.

The Hidden Cost: Immune Suppression
– One of the most damaging effects of mycotoxins is their ability to suppress the immune system.
– Animals become more vulnerable to bacterial and viral infections while showing reduced responses to vaccines and treatments.
– This means disease outbreaks become more severe and recovery becomes slower.

Can Nutrition Help?
Nutritional interventions can reduce the impact of toxins.

Recommended approaches include:
– Higher amino acid supplementation
– Vitamins E, C, and D3
– Selenium
– Choline chloride
– Liver-support products
– Mold inhibitors
– Broad-spectrum toxin binders
These measures improve resilience while reducing toxin damage.

Scientific Toxin Elimination Management (STEM-500)
An effective strategy combines four complementary actions:
1. Prevention
Prevent fungal growth before toxins develop.
2. Elimination
Bind multiple mycotoxins irreversibly.
3. Neutralization
Use enzymatic systems to neutralize toxins.
4. Gut Ecology Enhancement
Improve gut health while strengthening immunity and reducing pathogen pressure. This integrated approach offers broader protection than relying on toxin binders alone.

Featured Solution: STEM-500
The presentation introduces STEM-500, a multi-component toxin management product formulated with:
– Specially treated HSCAS
– Organic acids
– Oxine Copper
– MOS
– Bio-active phytocompounds
– Polyphenols
– Lactobacillus
– Lipotropic agents
According to the presentation, the product is designed to reduce mould growth, bind multiple mycotoxins, minimize endotoxin effects, improve liver function, support gut health, and enhance feed conversion, growth, and survival.

Conclusion
Mycotoxins remain one of the most significant hidden threats in modern animal production. Since contamination can occur throughout the grain supply chain, prevention alone is rarely sufficient. A comprehensive management strategy—combining mould control, toxin binding, detoxification, and gut health support—is essential for maintaining animal health and maximizing production efficiency.

Launch of Advanced Mycotoxin Management Solutions – Antox Plus & Antox Precise
Nanovet Nutrition Pvt. Ltd., a fast-growing and innovation-driven animal nutrition company in India, proudly announces its strategic collaboration with nu.ance Biotechnology, Switzerland, a global leader in science-backed mycotoxins management solutions. This partnership marks a significant milestone in Nanovet’s journey to bring globally validated, high-performance nutritional technologies to the Indian poultry industry.

As part of this collaboration, Nanovet Nutrition has introduced two advanced toxin-management solutions to the Indian market—Antox Plus and Antox Precise.

Antox Plus offers comprehensive protection by targeting Mycotoxins, Endotoxins, and Chemical toxins, addressing the broader spectrum of feed-borne challenges.

Antox Precise is a highly selective solution dedicated exclusively to mycotoxin management, ensuring precise binding without compromising essential nutrients.

Together, these innovations strengthen feed safety, support animal health and performance, and enhance profitability for farmers and integrators.

Successful Multi-City Launch Events Across India
To mark the official launch of Antox Plus and Antox Precise, Nanovet Nutrition successfully conducted a series of launch events across three strategic poultry hubs in North India. These events witnessed enthusiastic participation from poultry farmers, integrators, veterinarians, consultants, distributors, and industry professionals.
Launch Event Details
· 15th December – Karnal
Venue: Vivaan Hotel, Karnal
· 17th December – Pathankot
Venue: Zone by The Park, Pathankot
· 19th December – Lucknow
Venue: Holiday Inn, Lucknow

Each event served as a dedicated knowledge-sharing platform focusing on Mycotoxin, Endotoxin and Chemical toxin risk management, field challenges, and innovative nutritional interventions aligned with Indian feeding practices.

Strong Technical Leadership & Global Expertise
The launch programs were successfully conducted by the Nanovet Nutrition team, led by experienced technical and commercial professionals who shared valuable insights on Toxins prevalence, impact on poultry performance, and the scientific advantages of Antox Plus and Antox Precise.

Nanovet Nutrition Team
· Dr. Deepak Singh – Technical Director
· Dr. Karthiga Kesavan– Product Manager
· Deepak Solanki- Regional Sales Manager-North
· Dr. Anirudh Ahlawat- Technical Service Manager- North
· Dedicated regional sales team members

nu.ance Biotechnology Team
· Dr. David Harrington – Chief Product Officer
· Mr. J. S. Uppal – Business Director, South Asia
Their presence reinforced the strength of the collaboration and highlighted nu.ance’s commitment to supporting Indian poultry producers with proven, research-driven solutions.

Antox Plus & Antox Precise – Science That Delivers Results
Antox Plus and Antox Precise are formulated using advanced adsorption and biotransformation technologies, developed through extensive global research and validated under diverse field conditions.

Key benefits include:
· Broad-spectrum Mycotoxins, Endotoxins and Chemical Toxins binder.
· Improved gut health and nutrient utilization.
· Enhanced flock performance and consistency.
· Reduced economic losses linked to mycotoxins.
These products are specifically adapted to Indian raw material variability, making them reliable solutions for modern poultry challenges.

Strengthening Nanovet’s Commitment to the Indian Poultry Industry
The successful execution of the multi-city launch events reflects Nanovet Nutrition’s strong field connect, technical capability, and commitment to delivering value-driven solutions. The collaboration with nu.ance Biotechnology further strengthens Nanovet’s product portfolio and reinforces its position as a trusted partner for poultry producers across India.

Nanovet Nutrition continues to focus on innovation, quality, and farmer-centric solutions, bridging global science with local expertise to support sustainable and profitable animal production.

Nanovet Nutrition Pvt. Ltd. – Turning Ideas into Innovations.

Nanovet Nutrition Private Limited, a fast-growing, science-driven animal health and nutrition company, announced a strategic collaboration with nu.ance Biotechnology, Switzerland, during Poultry India. This partnership marks a significant milestone in Nanovet’s journey to strengthen its global scientific footprint and deliver advanced, research-backed solutions to the Indian livestock industry.

About Nanovet Nutrition Pvt. Ltd.
Nanovet Nutrition Private Limited is committed to enhancing livestock productivity, animal welfare, and farm profitability through innovative, technology-driven nutritional solutions. The company has established strong expertise in veterinary nutraceuticals, gut health enhancers, feed quality solutions, and biosecurity technologies, addressing the evolving needs of the poultry, ruminant, swine, and companion animal sectors.

Headquartered in Bengaluru, India, Nanovet integrates research, innovation, sustainability, and customer-centric development to deliver measurable performance outcomes for producers. Through continuous investment in science and strategic global collaborations, Nanovet is rapidly emerging as a progressive and reliable partner in animal nutrition and health. Under the visionary leadership of Mr. Sanjeev Khanna, Managing Director, Nanovet Nutrition has witnessed accelerated growth and industry recognition. With deep domain expertise and a strong focus on innovation, Mr. Khanna has steered the company toward adopting advanced technologies, strengthening scientific alliances, and building long-term value for customers and stakeholders. His leadership continues to position Nanovet as a future-ready organization aligned with global best practices.

Strategic Collaboration with nu.ance Biotechnology, Switzerland


As part of its commitment to bringing world-class science to India, Nanovet has entered into a strategic collaboration with nu.ance Biotechnology, a Switzerland-based biotechnology innovator renowned for its advanced nutritional technologies and mycotoxin management solutions.

nu.ance Biotechnology brings strong global credentials, including:
– A state-of-the-art production facility in France
– Commercial presence across 40+ countries
– Specialized expertise in postbiotics, globa.biotics, feed additives, and next-generation nutritional technologies.

This collaboration significantly enhances Nanovet’s technical capabilities and supports the introduction of high-performance, research-validated feed solutions tailored to the needs of Indian and neighboring markets.

Leadership Presence at the Collaboration Event
The collaboration was formally reinforced during a dedicated event at Poultry India, attended by senior leadership from both organizations. The Nanovet delegation was led by:
– Mr. Sanjeev Khanna, Managing Director
– Dr. Deepak Singh, Technical Director
– Mr. Avinash Kharat, National Sales Head
– Along with members of the commercial and technical teams.

nu.ance Biotechnology was represented by:
– Dr. David Harrington, Chief Product Officer
– Mr. J. S. Uppal, Business Director – South Asia.
The presence of senior leadership underscored the shared commitment of both companies toward innovation, knowledge exchange, and long-term market development.

Nanovet × nu.ance: A Future-Focused Partnership
Through this collaboration, Nanovet Nutrition aims to leverage nu.ance Biotechnology’s global expertise in biotechnology, formulation science, and quality systems to further enhance product performance and deliver superior value to customers. Together, both organizations are aligned in their vision to introduce globally benchmarked, sustainable, and performance-oriented innovations for the livestock industry.

This strategic alliance reinforces Nanovet Nutrition’s position as a science-led, globally connected partner, dedicated to shaping the future of animal nutrition in India and beyond.

Dr. Stuti Baruah, Program Manager – Feed Safety, Trouw Nutrition South Asia

Mycotoxicosis are diseases caused by the poisonous effects of the toxins produced by filamentous micro fungi (i.e., toxigenic moulds). Hundreds of mycotoxins are known and can produce mild to severe toxic effects when they occur above levels of concern. Poultry is particularly susceptible to mycotoxicosis, as they are often fed diets that contain a variety of grains and other ingredients that may be contaminated with mycotoxins.

The importance of mycotoxin problems in poultry is probably considerable yet difficult to measure directly. Chronic low levels of exposure to more than one type of mycotoxin appears to be a very common now a days. Usage of alternate raw materials in poultry diets also causes the risk of exposure to multiple mycotoxins.

Multiple mycotoxicosis in poultry refers to the presence of two or more different mycotoxins in the same feed or feed ingredient, which can lead to more severe and complex symptoms. The symptoms of mycotoxicosis in poultry can vary depending on the type and degree of the toxin exposure.

Some of the most common symptoms include decreased feed intake, reduced growth, poor-egg production, decreased immunity, and even death in severe cases. When multiple mycotoxins are present, the symptoms may be more severe and may include a range of different effects on the birds’ health and performance.

Feed and food production chains are at risk, globally due to –

•  Mycotoxin contamination is one of the main threats in feed production. Improper feed storage, heat & humidity favour the growth of toxicogenic fungi, which produce mycotoxins.
• The sharp rise in international trade has intensified the mycotoxin risk globally.
• Mycotoxin levels in feed and food require careful monitoring and control.

Mycotoxins can have additive, synergistic, and antagonistic effects with other toxins, infectious agents, and nutritional requirements. Mycotoxins can also interact with drugs used as therapeutic agents and diminish the effects of vaccines administered to poultry.

Common mycotoxins associated with mycotoxicosis in poultry include Aflatoxins, Ochratoxins, Fumnonisins, Zearalenone, and Trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxins. Chronic or intermittent exposure can occur in regions where grain and feed ingredients are of poor quality and when feed storage is substandard or prolonged. Impaired production efficiency can be a clue to a mycotoxin problem, as can improvement due to correction of feed management deficiencies.

Clinical signs of mycotoxin exposure in poultry may include the following:

• GI issues
• Organ damage, particularly liver and kidneys
• Immunosuppression

Oral ulcers and crusts occurring on the palate or tip of the tongue and oesophagus can occur with exposure to mycotoxins, including aflatoxin and mycotoxins produced by Fusarium toxins, such as the trichothecenes T-2 toxin (T-2), deoxynivalenol (DON).

Diagnosis of mycotoxicosis can be done by:

• History; clinical signs
• Mouldy feed
• Detection and quantification of specific mycotoxins

Feed and ingredient samples should be properly collected and promptly submitted for analysis.

Material wise Mycotoxin analysis that can be done:
Prevention of Mycotoxicosis can be done by using Mould-free feed and ingredients implementing good agricultural practices and management practices.

3 D approach for Mycotoxin Risk Management: Using a broad-spectrum mycotoxin binder would help farmers mitigate the risk of multiple mycotoxins. TOXO-XL offers a total solution against a broad spectrum of toxins produced by moulds, TOXO-XL forms part of an integrated approach at supporting health of livestock and poultry to maintain health status and performance during exposure to mycotoxins. TOXO-XL is designed for all poultry, dairy and pig species and contains multiple mechanisms to help support the animal in dealing with mycotoxins. TOXO-XL consists of an effective aflatoxin binder and specific ingredients that support gut wall integrity and the immune system.

TOXO® XL is based on 3 pillars of protection:

1. Mycotoxin binding
2.Gut wall protection
3.Immuno modulation

Benefits of 3-D approach by Trouw Nutrition’s Toxo-XL:

• Binds and eliminates mycotoxins.
• Strengthens intestinal barriers.
• Modulates immune response.
• Mitigates animal performance impairment caused by exposure to mycotoxins.

Highly layered smectite clays present in Toxo-XL have high aflatoxin binding. It binds with other polar mycotoxins and LPS. Glucose biopolymers protect the tight junctions and Beta glucans provide immunity. This is the three-dimensional way of mycotoxin risk management.

In conclusion, mycotoxins are silent thieves that eat away profits in livestock and poultry production by affecting performance and health. It is important to routine scan raw materials and finished feed to take appropriate actions.
It is impossible to have one silver bullet to bind and eliminate all mycotoxins, emerging mycotoxins and counteract the immunosuppression caused by synergies and interactions of multiple mycotoxins. Hence, producers need to look at more integrated and holistic approach to counter multiple mycotoxin challenge.
3-D approach gives a more rational, scientific approach to negate the detrimental effects of multiple mycotoxin challenges in poultry and livestock production.

For further information, kindly write to us at customercareindia@trouwnutrition.com or visit our website: www.trouwnutrition.in

References: Manual of poultry diseases, Selko internal data.