In the third edition of Global Talks, I engaged in an insightful discussion with Mr. Ahmad Omar, Regional Strategic Account Manager at Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health, based in Dubai. The interaction explored the rapidly evolving dynamics of poultry health management across emerging markets and the increasing shift toward prevention-led, science-driven strategies that support sustainable, efficient, and responsible poultry production. Mr. Omar shared perspectives on Boehringer Ingelheim’s strong global commitment to animal health and welfare, outlining how innovative vaccine solutions, advanced vaccination technologies, and deep veterinary expertise are empowering poultry producers throughout the IMETA region (India, Middle East, Turkey, and Africa) to manage disease risks and enhance overall flock performance. He also highlighted India’s fast-growing poultry sector, pointing to significant opportunities for integrated health solutions, strengthened biosecurity frameworks, and collaborative partnerships to drive long-term, sustainable industry growth.

The Role of Prevention in Animal Health
Mr. Ahmad Omar highlighted that Boehringer Ingelheim firmly believes in “Prevention Works”, reflecting a strategic shift from treatment-focused approaches to preventive healthcare solutions. He explained that proactive vaccination, robust biosecurity, and science-based management practices are essential to ensure safe, sustainable, and efficient poultry production, particularly in fast-growing markets such as IMETA.

He also noted that animal health is closely linked to food security, public health, and economic development, making prevention-led strategies critical for governments, veterinarians, and producers alike. Dr. Omar further emphasized that early disease prevention not only reduces mortality and production losses but also helps improve predictability, consistency, and profitability at the farm level.

IMETA: A Strategic Growth Region
Discussing the IMETA region, Mr. Omar outlined why it is strategically important for Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health:
Key Portfolio Focus
– Poultry vaccines and vaccination technologies
– Parasiticides and preventive solutions for companion animals
– Ruminant health and productivity solutions
Market Drivers
– Expanding commercial poultry production
– Rising biosecurity and disease challenges
– Growing awareness of pet health and preventive care
Strategic Priorities
– Excellence in launching innovative vaccines
– Strengthening partnerships with distributors, veterinarians, and industry stakeholders
– Leveraging digital tools for disease monitoring and farmer engagement

India: A Key Driver of Regional Growth
Speaking about India, Mr. Ahmad Omar described the country as one of the fastest-growing poultry markets globally. He noted that the sector’s growth is driven by rising protein demand, increased focus on biosecurity, and strong interest in preventive health measures.

Mr. Omar highlighted Boehringer Ingelheim’s leadership in poultry health through vaccines such as Vaxxitek® and Prevexxion®, which help control major diseases like Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) and Marek’s Disease, thereby enhancing flock performance and improving food safety. He also emphasized the rapid expansion of India’s companion animal segment, with increasing pet ownership driving demand for parasiticides and preventive healthcare solutions, supported by strategic collaborations with local distributors.

Innovation, Partnerships, and Knowledge Sharing
Mr. Omar stressed that collaboration is central to Boehringer Ingelheim’s regional strategy:
– Veterinary and Academic Engagement: Partnering with veterinary associations and academic institutions to promote best practices in poultry and pet care.
– Digital Transformation: Deploying tools for disease tracking, planning, and data-driven decision-making for veterinarians and farmers.
– Training and Education: Conducting technical seminars, workshops, and programs to enhance preventive healthcare knowledge and improve on-farm implementation.

Sustainability and Community Impact
Mr. Omar highlighted Boehringer Ingelheim’s commitment to sustainability and responsible practices:
– Rabies Elimination: Supporting the global “Zero by 30” initiative to eradicate dog-mediated rabies through vaccination campaigns and awareness programs.
Reducing Antibiotic Dependence: Encouraging preventive vaccination and biosecurity measures to minimize antibiotic usage in livestock.
Capacity Building: Training veterinarians and farmers on responsible farming practices and animal welfare.
Community Development: Enhancing access to veterinary care in rural and underserved areas.
Environmental Responsibility: Reducing operational carbon footprint and promoting eco-friendly packaging.

Future Outlook
Concluding the discussion, Mr. Ahmad Omar shared Boehringer Ingelheim’s forward-looking vision for IMETA and India:
– Leadership in next-generation poultry vaccines for Avian Influenza, IBD, and Newcastle Disease
– Expansion into emerging segments such as aquaculture and advanced diagnostics
– Continued investment in digital innovation, sustainability, and prevention-focused programs

He reaffirmed the company’s commitment to supporting India’s poultry sector through science-driven solutions, strategic partnerships, and long-term sustainable growth initiatives.

Dr. Nilay Deshpande1, Dr. Vishal Patil2 and Dr. Geeta Pipaliya3
1PhD Poultry Science, 2MVSc Poultry Science, ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Hyderabad
3Scientist, ICAR-Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar

Introduction
Insoluble fiber has gained increasing recognition in modern poultry nutrition due to its physiological importance, impact on digestive health, nutrient utilization, and welfare outcomes in birds. Unlike soluble fiber, which is rapidly fermented and increases digesta viscosity, insoluble fiber adds bulk, optimizes intestinal motility, and influences digesta structure to facilitate more efficient nutrient digestion and absorption.

Composition and Characteristics
Insoluble fiber primarily consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin—structural plant components resistant to hydrolysis by poultry endogenous enzymes. As it passes largely intact through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), its physiological effects are exerted mainly through physical stimulation of digestive processes and organs rather than fermentation.

Mechanisms of Action
The activity of insoluble fiber in poultry nutrition is mediated through multiple mechanisms. Due to its indigestible nature, insoluble fiber accumulates in the gizzard, enhancing muscular development and function, thereby facilitating mechanical feed breakdown and improved efficiency of nutrient digestion. Moderate inclusion levels (1–2%) accelerate digesta passage, reduce retention of toxic metabolites, and enhance intestinal health. Insoluble fiber stimulates secretions of amylase, lipase, and protease, thereby improving starch, protein, and fat digestibility. Inclusion supports favorable intestinal morphology, such as increased villus height and crypt depth, contributing to enhanced absorptive capacity. Microbial Modulation: Insoluble fiber fosters a balanced gut microbiota by modifying the luminal environment and limiting pathogen proliferation.

Physiological and Welfare Outcomes
The presence of insoluble fiber in poultry diets exerts several measurable outcomes:
– Enhanced gizzard and proventriculus growth, supporting feed utilization efficiency.
– Faster intestinal transit, minimizing toxin accumulation.
– Improved litter quality and reduced wet litter incidence.
– Behavioral benefits, including amelioration of cannibalism and improved satiety, particularly in layers.

Metabolic Effects and Excretion
Metabolically, insoluble fiber is minimally fermented in the caeca, with its primary influence derived from physical and physiological stimulation. Notable outcomes include:
– Enhanced pancreatic enzyme secretion, improving nutrient extraction.
– Improved intestinal morphology that augments nutrient absorption.
– Increased bulk volume of excreta with improved consistency, resulting in firmer, drier droppings.
– Reduced ammonia generation and improved hygiene, thereby lowering infection risks in poultry houses.
Sources of Insoluble Fiber
Historically, wheat bran and rice bran have been common fiber sources due to their high cellulose content and cost-effectiveness. However, their susceptibility to mycotoxin contamination has prompted a transition to safer alternatives:

– Agricultural By-products: Oat hulls, soybean hulls, sunflower hulls, and pea hulls now serve as reliable fiber sources with high inclusion potential.
– Purified Products: Commercial lignocellulose concentrates provide mycotoxin-free, standardized fiber inclusion with improved reliability.
– Other Sources: Rice hulls and wood shavings add bulk, contributing positively to litter quality, nutrient absorption, and predator-prevention behavior (e.g., reduced cannibalism).

Comparative Nutritional Profiles
Wheat and rice bran remain cost-effective and commonplace, though often limited to below 5% of the diet because of contamination risks. Soybean and sunflower hulls offer high crude fiber and moderate protein, while oat hulls excel in stimulating digestive organs. Lignocellulose offers the highest concentration of insoluble fiber with the lowest contamination risk and greatest consistency.

Performance Outcomes
Recent Indian studies (2024) demonstrated that the inclusion of 2.5% soybean hulls or lignocellulose in broiler diets improved body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Similarly, rice hull supplementation has been associated with increased gizzard weight without adverse effects on carcass yield, validating the importance of insoluble fiber for digestive organ development and growth performance.

Strategies to Manage Soluble and Insoluble Fiber Levels
The key to successful fiber management lies in achieving optimal ratios. Research demonstrates that moderate levels of insoluble fiber (3-5% of diet) can actually enhance nutrient digestibility by stimulating digestive organ development and pancreatic enzyme secretions, while excessive soluble fiber levels create viscosity problems that impair performance.

1) Cost-Effective Fiber Source Selection
Primary Insoluble Fiber Sources
Wheat bran remains the most economical insoluble fiber source, providing 44.6 % fiber content. It offers excellent laxative properties when mashed with warm water and helps maintain optimal litter moisture.

Rice bran represents another cost-effective option, delivering 10-14% protein alongside 20-24% total dietary fiber and 10.4 MJ ME/kg energy content. This dual nutrient contribution makes rice bran particularly valuable for achieving both fiber and protein targets.
De-oiled rice bran (DORB) provides concentrated fiber benefits with reduced oil content, making it suitable for higher inclusion rates without compromising pellet quality.

Alternative Fiber Sources
Sunflower hulls and oat hulls offer concentrated insoluble fiber sources that require minimal inclusion levels to achieve desired fiber targets. These sources are particularly valuable when formulating high-energy density diets where traditional bran sources would excessively dilute nutrient concentration.

Soy hulls contain approximately 36% crude fiber and 10% crude protein, making them excellent fiber sources for ruminants but requiring careful consideration in poultry diets due to potential bloating risks.

2) Enzyme-Based Fiber Management Strategies
Single Enzyme Approaches
Xylanase supplementation at 16,000-32,000 BXU/kg has proven highly effective for managing arabinoxylans, particularly in wheat-based diets.
Research demonstrates that double-dose xylanase (32,000 BXU/kg) provides superior NSP degradation and oligosaccharide release compared to standard doses.
Studies with de-oiled rice bran supplementation show that xylanase at 10g/100kg feed improved body weight gain and feed consumption while reducing mortality rates compared to high-fiber control diets. The enzyme enabled profitable utilization of 4.5% crude fiber levels, with net profit per kg body weight gain being highest in the maximum fiber plus xylanase treatment.
Multi-Enzyme Complex Systems
Carbohydrase-protease-phytase combinations demonstrate additive beneficial effects, particularly in nutritionally marginal diets. Combined enzyme supplementation can improve body weight gain by 14% compared to individual enzyme use (6-7% improvement). This synergistic effect results from:
– Enhanced protein and amino acid digestibility through protease action
– Improved phosphorus availability via phytase activity
– Better carbohydrate utilization through NSP-degrading enzymes
– Reduced anti-nutritional factor impacts

NSP-degrading enzyme cocktails containing xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase, pectinase, mannanase, galactanase, and arabinofuranosidase show variable results depending on substrate composition. While effective for complex fiber matrices, they require precise matching to dietary NSP profiles for optimal performance.

3) Feed Formulation Strategies for Cost Reduction
Matrix Value Application
Enzyme supplementation enables matrix value attribution, allowing nutritionists to reduce expensive ingredients while maintaining performance. Effective enzyme programs can provide energy matrices of 100+ kcal/kg, enabling significant reformulation flexibility.

Precision Nutrition Approaches and Fiber Level Management
Daily nutrient blending using a two-concentrate system, where a high-protein starter concentrate is diluted with a high-energy finisher concentrate, can improve feed conversion ratio by 7.8% while reducing feed costs by 4.13%. During the starter phase (0–10 days), diets should include minimal fiber (2–3% crude fiber) to maximize nutrient density and digestibility for critical early growth. In the grower phase (11–24 days), moderate fiber levels (3–4% crude fiber) combined with enzyme supplementation support gastrointestinal development while sustaining optimal growth performance. By the finisher phase (25+ days), strategic fiber inclusion at 4–5% helps reduce feed costs while promoting gut health and desirable meat quality parameters.

Advantages and Limitations
Insoluble fiber supplementation improves gut health by stimulating gizzard development, promoting intestinal morphology, and enhancing growth of beneficial microflora without adverse increases in digesta viscosity. It also provides measurable behavioural and welfare benefits—reducing cannibalism and supporting satiety in laying hens. By improving excreta consistency, insoluble fiber minimizes moisture, ammonia emissions, and infection risks. From a sustainability standpoint, utilizing agricultural by-products such as hulls and bran helps recycle waste and reduce environmental impact.

However, excessive use of insoluble fiber can dilute nutrient density, potentially impairing bird performance and necessitating careful dietary balancing. Variability in natural fiber sources—regarding composition, particle size, and quality—poses challenges for consistent feed formulation unless standardized products are used. Traditional sources such as wheat bran carry substantial mycotoxin risks; coarse materials can also complicate feed processing and flow. Moreover, insoluble fiber is poorly fermented, not contributing to beneficial short-chain fatty acid production observed with soluble fiber inclusion.

Market Trends and Future Perspectives
The global high-fiber feed market is projected to expand at a CAGR of approximately 6% through 2033, driven by rising consumer demand for welfare-centric, antibiotic-free poultry production. Current trends emphasize: Adoption of precision nutrition and stage-specific fiber blends. Expanded use of purified, standardized lignocellulose as a safe alternative to brans. Integration of fiber with probiotics and enzymes for optimized synergistic effects. Alignment with circular economy goals by valorizing crop by-products for feed.

Conclusion
Insoluble fiber, though metabolically inert, plays a fundamental physiological and metabolic role in poultry nutrition. Its inclusion enhances digestive efficiency, improves nutrient utilization, promotes gut health, optimizes excretion, and contributes to sustainable and welfare-friendly production systems. With ongoing innovations in fiber processing and precision feeding strategies, insoluble fiber presents substantial opportunities to improve poultry performance and farm sustainability. Proper management of inclusion rates and strict quality control remain critical for maximizing its benefits.

References are available on request.

Abstract
The Indian poultry sector is a cornerstone of the nation’s livestock economy, ensuring nutritional security, livelihood opportunities, and rural empowerment. As India advances towards the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047, strengthening animal health through modern vaccination strategies becomes imperative. Poultry production faces persistent challenges from infectious diseases such as Newcastle Disease, Infectious Bursal Disease, Marek’s Disease, Avian Influenza, and Salmonellosis, which not only cause heavy economic losses but also threaten food safety and trade opportunities. While conventional vaccines have played a pivotal role in disease control, their limitations—such as cold chain dependence, maternal antibody interference, and inadequate protection against evolving strains—demand innovative solutions.

Next-generation vaccine technologies, including recombinant DNA vaccines, vector-based vaccines, immune-complex vaccines, thermostable formulations, and in-ovo delivery systems, are transforming poultry health management. These approaches offer enhanced safety, longer-lasting immunity, and the potential for multivalent protection. Thermostable vaccines and oral or feed-based delivery methods hold special promise for rural and smallholder farmers by overcoming infrastructural constraints. Moreover, advanced vaccines contribute significantly to antimicrobial stewardship by reducing dependence on antibiotics, thereby aligning with the global One Health agenda and mitigating antimicrobial resistance risks.

The pathway to widespread adoption of these technologies requires integrated efforts from policymakers, research institutions, and the private sector. Public-private partnerships, farmer training, and targeted extension services are essential to ensure affordability, accessibility, and farmer compliance. Furthermore, harmonization with international standards will open new avenues for Indian poultry exports.

Over all next-generation poultry vaccines represent more than a disease-prevention tool; they are strategic enablers of sustainable production, food security, and global competitiveness. By embedding these innovations into a national animal health roadmap, India can safeguard its poultry sector and accelerate progress towards the goals of Viksit Bharat.

Poultry Sector and National Vision
The Indian poultry sector has emerged as one of the fastest-growing components of the livestock economy, contributing significantly to nutritional security, rural livelihoods, and national income. With over 6 million tonnes of chicken meat and more than 142 billion eggs produced annually, India ranks among the top poultry producers globally. However, the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047 emphasizes not just growth in numbers, but also sustainability, biosecurity, and resilience against diseases. Poultry flocks face major health threats from viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections, which can severely disrupt productivity. Vaccination is the most cost-effective and scientifically proven method to prevent infectious diseases in poultry. It not only safeguards flock health but also reduces dependency on antibiotics, thereby aligning with global efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In the Indian context, a robust vaccination strategy combined with innovative vaccine technologies is essential to ensure safe, sustainable, and globally competitive poultry production.

Major Poultry Diseases and Need for Vaccination

The Indian poultry industry is vulnerable to several devastating diseases that can wipe out entire flocks if not managed effectively. Newcastle Disease (Ranikhet), Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD or Gumboro), Marek’s Disease, Fowl Pox, Avian Influenza, Mycoplasmosis, Salmonellosis, and Coccidiosis remain primary threats. Outbreaks not only cause direct mortality but also result in poor feed conversion, reduced egg production, stunted growth, and increased veterinary costs. In a sector with narrow profit margins, even small disease outbreaks can push farmers into financial crisis. Vaccination is critical to prevent such losses and ensure predictable production. For example, ND vaccination is universally adopted in India, while IBD and Marek’s vaccines are routinely used in broiler and layer flocks. Vaccination also acts as a barrier against zoonotic diseases like Avian Influenza, which pose risks to human health. Beyond biological protection, vaccines are key to market access, as global trade standards demand disease-free certification. Thus, comprehensive vaccination programs serve as both a production necessity and a policy imperative for India’s poultry sector in its journey towards Viksit Bharat.

Current Vaccination Strategies in India
Presently, the Indian poultry industry relies on a mix of live attenuated, inactivated (killed), and recombinant vaccines. Day-old chicks are often vaccinated at hatcheries, while subsequent doses are administered at farms by trained personnel. Broilers typically receive vaccines against ND, IBD, and Marek’s, while layers undergo longer schedules covering Fowl Pox, Egg Drop Syndrome, and Salmonellosis. Commercial hatcheries have standardized protocols, but backyard and smallholder poultry systems still suffer from low vaccine coverage due to lack of access and awareness. Vaccines are usually delivered through drinking water, eye drops, intramuscular injections, or wing web methods. However, challenges persist in maintaining the cold chain, ensuring correct dosages, and preventing improper administration. Despite these limitations, vaccination coverage in commercial farms has improved significantly, leading to better flock health and reduced antibiotic dependence. Government agencies, private companies, and veterinary universities are working collaboratively to extend these benefits to rural poultry farmers. Standardized vaccination calendars tailored to regional disease prevalence can further improve efficiency. The existing strategies, though effective, need technological upgrades and equitable access to align with India’s aspirations of modern, climate-resilient, and globally integrated poultry production.

Limitations and Challenges of Conventional Vaccines
Despite their proven utility, conventional vaccines face several limitations in the Indian poultry sector. Live vaccines, while highly immunogenic, sometimes revert to virulence or interact with maternal antibodies, reducing their effectiveness. Inactivated vaccines, though safe, require multiple doses and are more expensive. In addition, improper handling—such as exposure to high temperatures during transportation—often compromises vaccine efficacy. A major challenge is the mismatch between circulating field strains and the strains used in commercial vaccines. For example, evolving variants of ND and IBD viruses occasionally bypass existing vaccines, causing outbreaks even in vaccinated flocks. Smallholder and backyard poultry, which form a substantial part of India’s rural economy, often remain unvaccinated due to cost, limited access, and lack of cold chain infrastructure. Moreover, conventional vaccines rarely provide sterilizing immunity, allowing vaccinated birds to shed pathogens silently, which complicates disease eradication efforts. In the backdrop of climate change, rising stocking densities, and globalization of poultry trade, these limitations demand next-generation vaccine solutions. To achieve Viksit Bharat, India must address these challenges by integrating science, technology, and farmer-centric delivery systems in its poultry vaccination programs.

Advances in New Vaccine Technologies
Recent scientific breakthroughs have paved the way for innovative vaccines tailored to modern poultry needs. Recombinant DNA vaccines, vector-based vaccines, immune-complex vaccines, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems are gaining traction. These technologies offer higher safety, broader protection, and longer-lasting immunity compared to traditional vaccines. For instance, recombinant vaccines can target multiple pathogens simultaneously, reducing the need for multiple injections. Immune-complex vaccines help overcome maternal antibody interference, ensuring early chick protection. Thermostable vaccines, currently being developed, can withstand higher temperatures, eliminating the need for stringent cold chains—a boon for rural and remote areas. Moreover, edible vaccines derived from transgenic plants and oral vaccines administered through feed or water provide farmer-friendly alternatives. The integration of nanotechnology has enhanced antigen stability and delivery, improving immune response. These innovations not only improve disease control but also align with sustainable and antibiotic-free poultry production systems. By adopting such advanced technologies, India can strengthen its poultry sector to withstand future disease challenges while ensuring affordability and accessibility for all categories of farmers.

Hatchery-Based and In-Ovo Vaccination

One of the most transformative innovations in poultry vaccination is hatchery-based immunization, particularly in-ovo vaccination. In this method, vaccines are delivered directly into the egg on the 18th day of incubation, before the chick hatches. This ensures early, uniform, and stress-free protection against diseases like Marek’s and ND. Automated in-ovo vaccination systems allow high-throughput immunization with minimal labour, ensuring biosecurity and accuracy. Post-hatch, chicks already possess robust immunity, reducing the risk of early chick mortality. This approach also minimizes handling stress, improving welfare and productivity. For commercial hatcheries in India, in-ovo vaccination holds immense promise in terms of scalability, cost-effectiveness, and alignment with global best practices. Hatchery vaccination of day-old chicks against ND, IBD, and Salmonella is already gaining popularity. As India modernizes its hatchery infrastructure under the Viksit Bharat framework, the integration of in-ovo technologies can revolutionize poultry health management. Expanding these practices to both commercial and rural hatcheries will ensure equitable benefits across the value chain. Thus, hatchery-based vaccination strategies represent a forward-looking step towards resilient poultry farming.

Role in Antibiotic Stewardship and AMR Reduction
The overuse of antibiotics in poultry has been a long-standing concern due to its contribution to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which poses a global public health threat. Vaccination is a powerful tool in reducing reliance on antibiotics by preventing bacterial infections and associated secondary complications.
For example, vaccines against Salmonella, E. coli, and Mycoplasma significantly reduce the need for antibiotic treatments. In addition, viral vaccines indirectly lower antibiotic usage by reducing co-infections that would otherwise require antimicrobial intervention. India’s poultry sector is under increasing scrutiny from consumers, exporters, and regulators regarding antibiotic residues in meat and eggs. By adopting comprehensive vaccination programs and new-generation vaccines, the industry can move towards antibiotic-free poultry production systems, aligning with international standards. This is particularly crucial as India eyes larger export markets in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia-Pacific. Vaccination-led AMR stewardship is not just a health necessity but also a trade enabler and consumer confidence booster. Thus, vaccines play a pivotal role in aligning India’s poultry industry with the One Health approach and the national goal of Viksit Bharat.

Policy Support and Public-Private Partnerships
The success of vaccination strategies in India depends heavily on supportive policies, infrastructure, and partnerships. Government agencies like the Department of Animal Husbandry, ICAR institutes, and State Veterinary Departments must play a central role in disease surveillance, vaccine research, and farmer training. At the same time, private vaccine manufacturers, integrators, and farmer cooperatives need to collaborate in creating affordable and farmer-friendly solutions. Public-private partnerships (PPP) can accelerate the development of thermostable vaccines, indigenous recombinant vaccines, and scalable hatchery vaccination systems. Subsidies, credit support, and extension services should be provided to smallholder farmers to improve vaccine adoption. Strengthening diagnostic laboratories and surveillance networks will ensure vaccines are updated against circulating strains. Furthermore, India must harmonize its poultry vaccination policies with WOAH (World Organisation for Animal Health) and Codex standards to expand exports. By embedding vaccination strategies into national livestock and poultry development programs, policymakers can ensure that poultry contributes robustly to the nutritional, economic, and employment goals envisioned under Viksit Bharat.

Capacity Building and Farmer Awareness
A robust vaccination strategy is incomplete without farmer participation and awareness. Many disease outbreaks in India are linked to gaps in farmer knowledge about vaccine handling, schedules, and post-vaccination management. Training programs, mobile-based advisory services, and community-based poultry health workers can play an important role in bridging these gaps. Integrating digital tools like AI-driven vaccination calendars, blockchain-based cold chain monitoring, and mobile reminders can improve efficiency and compliance. Educational campaigns in local languages are needed to dispel myths about vaccination, such as misconceptions regarding reduced fertility or productivity. Special emphasis must be placed on women farmers, who play a crucial role in backyard poultry rearing but often lack access to formal veterinary training. Farmer cooperatives, SHGs (Self Help Groups), and FPOs (Farmer Producer Organizations) can act as vehicles for disseminating vaccination services at the grassroots. By building capacity and creating farmer-centric vaccination systems, India can democratize the benefits of new vaccine technologies, ensuring inclusive growth of the poultry sector.

Vaccination Roadmap towards Viksit Bharat
The future of India’s poultry sector lies in its ability to combine productivity with sustainability, resilience, and global competitiveness. Vaccination strategies and new vaccine technologies form the cornerstone of this transformation. From conventional vaccines to recombinant DNA vaccines, in-ovo immunization, thermostable formulations, and nanotechnology-driven innovations, the spectrum of tools available today is wider than ever. However, technology alone is not enough. Equitable access, policy support, capacity building, and farmer participation are equally vital. A national poultry vaccination roadmap aligned with Viksit Bharat 2047 should prioritize:

(I) strengthening surveillance and diagnostics,
(ii) promoting indigenous vaccine R&D,
(iii) scaling hatchery-based immunization,
(iv) supporting smallholder vaccination access, and
(v) integrating vaccination with AMR stewardship.

By embracing these strategies, India can ensure that its poultry sector not only meets the rising domestic demand for safe, affordable protein but also positions itself as a global leader in sustainable poultry production. Vaccination is more than just a disease-control measure; it is a strategic investment in the nation’s food security, public health, and economic prosperity.

In a landmark tour, the U.S. Soybean Export Council (USSEC) Trade Team from South Asia, comprising delegates from India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Bangladesh, alongside delegates from Nigeria in Sub-Saharan Africa, visited the heart of the U.S. soybean industry. Their journey, organized by USSEC, spanned a week and involved insightful discussions with industry leaders, hands-on farm visits in Missouri and Illinois States and participation in the highly anticipated Global U.S. Soy Summit, “Soy Connext” in San Francisco, California.

Highlights of the U.S. Soybean Industry Tour

Mr. Kevin Roepke, Regional Director for South Asia & Sub-Saharan Africa, USSEC, in the beginning of the tour gave an engaging presentation outlining the team’s schedule. The program featured visits to soybean farms, grain elevator facilities in St. Louis, Missouri and Bloomington, Illinois and an exploration of river lock dam facilities. The visiting Delegation engaged directly with U.S. Soy industry leaders, gaining in-depth knowledge of the nation’s soybean value chain.

The delegation’s visit to the Cargill Grain Elevator Facility in St. Louis offered a unique opportunity to understand the large-scale operations that make U.S. soybeans a dominant force in the global market. Ms. April Sloan, Plant Manager at Cargill, provided a comprehensive tour, showcasing the latest technological innovations in grain storage and export operations.

Further enhancing the delegation’s understanding of cutting-edge agricultural practices, the team visited the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center in Missouri. Here, more than 400 scientists work towards improving global nutrition through crop innovation.

Mr. Mike Manson, Development Officer at the center, led the group through the facility, introducing them to pioneering research aimed at addressing global food security challenges.

In Illinois, the delegation was welcomed by Mr. Jerry Gaffner and Mr. Scott Gaffner, third-generation farmers at Gaffner Family Farm, where they observed sustainable soybean and corn farming practices. The Gaffner family’s dedication to mechanization and environmental stewardship exemplifies the leading role of U.S. farmers in advancing sustainable agriculture.

The visit to Riddell Farm in Sparland, Illinois, continued the delegation’s immersion into advanced farming methods. Mr. Jay Riddell, a fourth-generation farmer, shared the farm’s success in utilizing mechanization to boost crop yields while prioritizing sustainability. This visit was further enriched by the participation of Ms. Eileen Pabst, International Markets Manager at the Illinois Soybean Association and Mr. Mark Read, Vice Chairman of the Global Soy Excellence Center Steering Committee, who provided valuable insights into global agricultural practices.

Global U.S. Soy Summit “SoyConnext”:
At the Global U.S. Soy Summit “Soy Connext” in San Francisco, the U.S. Soybean Export Council (USSEC) hosted over 800 international buyers and sellers from 62 countries. This major event highlighted the strengths of the U.S. soybean industry, with U.S. farmers projected to produce 4.6 billion bushels of soybeans for the 2024/25 crop, marking an 11% increase from the previous year.

A key feature of the summit was the emphasis on sustainability. The Sustainable U.S. Soy (SUSS) label, which promotes products verified by the U.S. Soy Sustainability Assurance Protocol (SSAP) received significant attention.

Rosalind Leeck, USSEC Executive Director, highlighted the growing demand for the SUSS label, with 25 companies recognized at the event for their commitment to sustainability and adoption of the label. Among the recognized companies were Grupo Bios (Mexico), New Anthoney’s (South Asia), Miyoshi Foods Co. (Japan), Sajo Daerim (Korea), PT. Azaki Food Internasional (Southeast Asia), and TTET Oil Union Corp. (Taiwan). The SUSS label, now featured on over 1,000 products globally, reflects U.S. Soy’s commitment to responsible sourcing and environmental stewardship. The summit underscored the importance of collaboration and data-driven insights in advancing sustainable agricultural practices and meeting global nutritional needs.

USSEC Chair Lance Rezac remarked, “It’s truly a humbling experience to bring so many key customers from around the world together to meet with U.S. exporters and expand their understanding of the value U.S. Soy offers. Compared to recent years, the price is right for buyers to benefit from U.S. Soy’s many advantages. While soybeans are sold as a commodity oilseed, U.S. Soy is recognized for its premium quality, which enhances operational efficiencies for livestock farms, feed mills, and oil crushers, introduces better flavor profiles in the soy foods sector, and exemplifies on-farm stewardship with the lowest carbon footprint. Events like Soy Connext are essential for showcasing these strengths and fostering global collaboration.” As I reflect on Soy Connext, I’m struck by the upbeat mood among the soy trade. Prices are great for buyers now, and that was reflected in San Francisco. A sincere thank you to those who purchased U.S. Soy during Soy Connext.

We’re seeing more and more of our customers acknowledging the significant value that comes with choosing sustainable U.S. Soy for their products—and more who are recognizing the value in showing that commitment to sourcing sustainably with a consumer-facing Sustainable U.S. Soy packaging label.

During Soy Connext, U.S. soy farmers sat down to share insights about this year’s crop and talk about on-farm practices and the drivers behind their decision-making.

Ms. Anja Manuel, Cofounder and Partner of Rice, Hadley, Gates & Manuel LLC, at the Soy Connext Conference, gave us a glimpse of geopolitics around the world. Ms. Manuel said that it will continue to be a wild ride, but she believes our best days are still ahead of us.

A Collaborative Future:

Mr. Jim Sutter, CEO of USSEC, expressed the importance of the summit, saying, “Soy Connext serves as a platform for unveiling new data and fostering collaboration. Our technical experts help global customers understand how U.S. soy, with its superior feed conversion ratios and sustainability credentials, is an essential partner in addressing the world’s growing protein needs.”

Mr. Kevin Roepke said SoyConnext is the flagship event for the US Soybean Export Council. Our signature adjunct team tours scatter throughout the United States to showcase the sustainable soybean crop by highlighting the transportation/logistics capabilities, agronomy innovation and explains the incredible value proposition of US soy. US Soy has intrinsic characteristics which set it apart from the world like lower moisture and damage and higher digestibility and metabolizable energy.

Throughout the course of history, we’ve seen that leaning into trade has been a major impetus to achieving rapid economic growth. Moreover, the US is not only the world’s largest exporter of food but also the largest importer. This paradox highlights the need for looking at global markets to increase consumer choice and build more resilient and sustainable food supply chains” – Kevin Roepke, Regional Director- South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa (SAASSA), USSEC

Mr. Jaison John, Team Lead – India at USSEC, further elaborated on the vital role U.S. Soy can play in enhancing food security for India’s vast population amidst inflationary pressures. “Ensuring nutritional security for India’s population of 1.4 billion is a significant challenge, but U.S. Soy can be a vital partner in this effort,” he said. “With its high-quality protein and versatile food applications, U.S. Soy can enhance food security, support sustainable agriculture, empower local communities, and foster economic growth.”

Ms. Colby Pinkstone, Senior Director, Strategic Programs at US Soybean Export Council moderated one of the sessions on second day.

The delegates were able to interact with farmers to lean how this is possible and what make US soy so unique. Together, our industries were able to build stronger relationships; and by collaboration and connection at events like this, we can nourish the world.

Throughout the course of history, we’ve seen that leaning into trade has been a major impetus to achieving rapid economic growth. Moreover, the US is not only the world’s largest exporter of food but also the largest importer. This paradox highlights the need for looking at global markets to increase consumer choice and build more resilient and sustainable food supply chains”

During the event, Mr. Naveen Pasuparthy, President of the Karnataka Poultry Breeders and Farmers Association (KPBFA), signed a landmark Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with USSEC to promote the Soy Excellence Center (SEC) program in Karnataka State. This MOU reflects a shared commitment to enhancing global nutritional security through sustainable and innovative practices.

The Soy Excellence Center (SEC) and U.S. Soybean Export Council are already offering free online courses in India, including the SEC India Poultry Production and Management course and the Feed Milling Basic Certificate Course. These programs equip trainees with foundational knowledge and continued learning through the SEC digital platform, providing both regional and international exposure. As the poultry industry increasingly requires skilled experts, this initiative is vital in preparing the next generation to sustain and advance the sector.

At the Soy Excellence Center (SEC) Global Advisory Panel meeting, Ms. Tori Sorensen, Chairperson of SEC, welcomed the attendees, which included leadership from USSEC, state soybean associations, and SEC Regional Advisory Council members from across the globe. Mr. Mark Read, Vice Chairman of SEC, updated the panel on ongoing activities, while committee chairs reviewed the budgets allocated to SEC initiatives.

Dr. Vijay Anand, Center Lead – India, Soy Excellence Center, highlighted the SEC’s alignment with India’s “Skills India” program. Launched in January 2024, SEC in India has already introduced specialized courses in poultry, feed-milling, and soy foods, marking significant progress in industry skill development. Dr. Vijay emphasized that India’s large animal husbandry and soy foods sectors require significant workforce training, and SEC’s globally sourced expertise is helping prepare young professionals for the challenges and opportunities in these sectors.

There was Regional Panel Introduction by Center Lead, Global Advisory Panel Member and Regional Advisory Council. The meeting ended with the closing comments from Mr. Jim Sutter, CEO, USSEC.

The U.S. tour and Global Soy Summit “Soy Connext” have highlighted the U.S. soybean industry’s dedication to sustainability and innovation. The insights and experiences gained are set to greatly impact efforts to promote U.S. soy in South Asia and beyond. The support and hospitality from the U.S. Soybean Export Council and the Soy Excellence Center have been invaluable, driving advancements in global nutritional security and fostering stronger international collaborations.

As the summit concluded, it became evident that international cooperation is key to advancing sustainable agricultural practices and meeting the world’s increasing protein demands. The event served as a powerful testament to the U.S. soy industry’s commitment to innovation, sustainability, and global partnerships.

Myself as one of the member of the South Asia delegation and the Regional Advisory Council Member of the Soy Excellence Center, this tour has deepened our understanding of the U.S. soybean industry’s commitment to sustainability, innovation, and global nutrition. The experiences and insights gained will have a lasting impact on our efforts to promote U.S. soy in South Asia.” My gratitude to Mr. Kevin Roepke, Regional Director for South Asia & Sub-Saharan Africa; Ms. Deeba Giannoulis, Regional Head of U.S. Soy Marketing & Sustainability; Ms. Hibah Ameer, Regional Head of Communications; Mr. Jaison John, Country Lead- India; Dr. Vijay Anand, Center Lead-India, Soy Excellence Center, Mr. Pawan Kumar, Country Lead- Nepal; Mr. Saram Pokhari, Country Lead-Pakistan; Mr. Khabibur Rahman, Country Lead- Bangladesh; Dr. Khurram Shahbaz, Regional Special Projects Facilitator, South Asia, Ms. Dhanu and Mr. Tara S Rawat from USSEC India, Ms. Nikita from USSEC Dubai and all other team members of the U.S. Soybean Export Council for their efforts in highlighting the sustainability and global benefits of U.S. soy.

(Poultry Creations: A Monthly Magazine for Poultry Industry)

Meghana Mukherjee Salvi
Director, Glamac International Pvt. Ltd.

Author’s Bio
Meghana Mukherjee Salvi is a poet, writer and blogger. She likes to study the market, analyse the trends and talk about everything related to Economics. Bumping into a good book is her guilty pleasure. She is a bibliophile from Bombay living with her husband and exceptional inlaws.

She followed in her father’s footsteps to set foot in the pharmaceutical industry. Before being in the poultry industry, Meghana completed her graduation in Mathematics, followed by a master’s degree in economics.

Transparency is the buzzword of this decade. Many are interested in knowing their meat and where it comes from today. Consumers are highly aware of what they consume, from checking ingredient labels and analyzing nutritional charts to certifications and acquiring allergen awareness. As per a survey conducted by the National Chicken Council, Washington, nearly 50% of the survey respondents would consume more chicken if they knew the production process was sustainable. And supply chain traceability can ensure farm-to-fork clarity, thus increasing demand or profitability and fostering roust brand trust.

But what is farm-to-fork transparency? It is a concept wherein you can track a food product from where it was produced(farm) to the consumption point(fork). It will include information from production to processing to distribution and retail sale of the product for the poultry sector, its chicken meat and eggs. Accessible and transparent ideas about farming practices, processing methods, or storage and distribution aid in enhanced consumer satisfaction, loyalty, and easy identification of issues arising from a specific supply chain location.

Indian Poultry Sector at a Glance
The Indian poultry sector is growing at a rapid pace. The country is the third-largest broiler chicken producer and the second-largest egg producer globally. By 2050, India’s population is expected to skyrocket to approximately 167 crores. With a growing population, rising disposable incomes, changing food preferences, urbanization, government initiatives, increasing demand for processed meat and food, and advancements in poultry production, the sector is slated to grow at 8.1% CAGR from 2023 to 2028.

However, the game changer for the Indian poultry sector was the Integration Model. The business model includes consolidating multiple stages of poultry production like breeding, hatcheries, producing feed, poultry farming, and processing under one umbrella or entity.

Integration bolsters:

•  Supply chain management – reduced logistical load and improved coordination.
•  Cost reduction – Consolidation leads to bulk purchasing and centralized operations.
•  Enhanced Biosecurity – Constant monitoring and centralized control minimizing disease outbreaks and promoting efficient risk mitigation strategies.
• Premium Quality: A standardized process will lead to effective implementation, ensuring consistent product quality.

Some key players like Godrej Agrovet, Venky’s, CP Foods, and Suguna, amongst multiple others, have built an all-encompassing supply chain practice and an exponential rise in product quality, genuinely transforming the face of the Indian Poultry Industry. These companies are adopting IoT, blockchain, AI, and data analytics to incorporate traceability further in their models.

Why Traceability?
Though you briefly understand why transparency is vital, especially for the poultry sector, peeling the layers and grasping the bigger picture is crucial. Let’s uncover the reasons behind the growing significance of Farm-to-fork transparency.

1. Food Safety and Quality

• Identification of contamination source in the meat’s production life cycle.
• 360-degree monitoring of the production process.
• Ensuring products meet quality and safety standards.
• Enabling swift and targeted recalls in case of challenging conditions.

2. Consumer Confidence and Brand Trust

• Transparency in products for consumer consumption.
•  A positive demand outlook for neatly sourced and safe products.
• Satisfied consumers have higher chances of choosing a brand they trust.

3. Compliance and Regulation

• Traceability is now becoming a legal requirement to ensure compliance.
• Relevant certifications and adherence to compliance help meet international standards.
• An excellent International brand image increases exports.
• Assists in acquiring certifications like Kosher or organic.

Facilitating transparency in the poultry industry through technology
The key to achieving traceability is by traversing the road to technology. Automated systems, precise data, real-time monitoring of the entire poultry supply chain, and efficient record-keeping create a massive difference by enhancing operational efficiency, regulatory compliance, and food safety. Let’s look at poultry tech, which can be the language of 2024.

RFID & Barcode: RFID is a medium of identification. The technology uses radio frequencies to identify people/objects/flocks and transfer data. It reads information within a wireless device/tag without requiring any physical contact. Barcode readers use a beam of light to read the black-and-white printed code on the tag. This makes it easy to trace the product throughout its production life cycle.

Blockchain: Blockchain technology is like an Impenetrable and secure digital diary of data points, each point carrying its unique digital ID called a decentralized identifier(DID). Each batch of flock or individual product can have its own DID carrying information about its origin, production methods, etc. Each stage of the poultry supply chain is stored in blockchain and cannot be edited or deleted. Since it is a decentralized computer network, all the parties in the supply chain can access the same information, reducing discrepancies. Also, payments can be automatically processed after the successful delivery of a batch.

Data Analytics: It is also playing a significant role in facilitating traceability. By analyzing data from various sources, it is possible to monitor and verify the production process. This aids in identifying potential issues before they become significant problems and enables producers to take corrective action quickly.

Real-time Tracking with IoT: Integrating the blockchain with Internet of Things (IoT) devices allows real-time tracking of poultry products. Sensors can monitor temperature, humidity, and other conditions, and this data is recorded on the blockchain, ensuring transparency and compliance with quality standards.

Feathered Success Story: Suguna’s Journey to Traceability
In India, there needs to be more transparency in the supply chain. Yet many key players have identified the scope of growth and efficiency by relying on technology. One such pioneer is Suguna Foods, which has adopted RFID technology to trace poultry products from farm to fork.

Suguna Foods has more than 35,000 poultry farmers spread across the country, making it one of the largest poultry companies in India. The company has implemented RFID tags on the birds’ legs, which can be scanned at various stages of the production process, including hatchery, feed mill, farm, processing plant, and cold storage.

The data collected through these tags is then uploaded to a centralized database, which can be accessed by stakeholders such as farmers, veterinarians, and customers. This data includes information about the bird’s age, breed, feed, and medication, making tracing the product’s origin easier and ensuring quality and safety.

By implementing traceability solutions, Suguna Foods has established a strong relationship of trust with its customers. The company has also improved its operational efficiency, reduced waste, and increased profitability.

The Way Forward

The poultry industry has witnessed enormous transformation in the last few decades. Like the industry, technology, too, has been at the forefront of change and upgradation. It has prompted the push for increasing transparency across sectors not just limited to poultry. Blockchain, IoT, AI, and data will be critical in aligning the industry with future needs. It can ensure food safety and quality and increase consumer confidence and brand trust, paving the way for a safer and more sustainable future.

Hence, it is imperative that feed millers, farmers, integrators, animal nutrition companies, veterinarians, and consumers, who form the pillars of the industry, should embrace technology that promotes sustainability and transparency for a bigger, better, and healthier tomorrow.