It was a pleasure to visit the Gurgaon office of Dovoy Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd., a biotechnology-driven company that has been delivering innovative solutions to industries worldwide. With a strong presence across Asia, Africa, and the Middle East, Dovoy has established itself as a trusted partner in animal health, nutrition, grain processing, food ingredients, and industrial solutions.

During my visit, I had the opportunity to interact with Mr. Amit Kaushik, Director, Dovoy Chemicals India Pvt. Ltd.; Mr. Duttle Bing, General Manager – ASPAC & EMEA, Dovoy Inc. Singapore; Dr. Vipul Gohel, Director, MIV Biosolutions and Channel Partner for Dovoy; Mr. Anand Singh, Business Head – Animal Health; Dr. Sumit Raja, Technical Manager – Animal Health; Mr. Shyam Sunder Sharma, Business Head – DGP; Ms. Dhanashri Shitole, Zonal Sales Manager-South & Maharashtra and Ms. Akanksha Sethi, Dovoy.
Mr. Amit Kaushik highlighted that what truly differentiates Dovoy is its unwavering commitment to innovation, research, and quality. The company operates advanced ISO 17025:2017 accredited laboratories where product development, quality assurance, enzyme assays, thermostability testing, and customized solution development are carried out to meet the evolving needs of modern industries.

Mr. Kaushik further emphasized that Dovoy’s vision extends beyond supplying products. The company is focused on delivering holistic solutions and value-added services to customers. Complimentary amino acid profiling services, supported by their ISO 17025:2017 accredited laboratory, provide customers with greater confidence in feed quality and nutritional accuracy. Dovoy’s state-of-the-art laboratory is equipped with sophisticated technologies including the Agilent HPLC 1260, advanced spectrophotometers, Kjeldahl Distillation systems, Class-II Biosafety facilities, biodigesters, and Neogen Raptor platforms. These capabilities support quality assurance and the development of innovative biotechnology solutions across multiple sectors.

According to Mr. Shyam Sunder Sharma, Dovoy’s expertise in proximate analysis, protease enzyme thermostability testing, aflatoxin reduction solutions, microbial load analysis, amino acid profiling, and advanced enzyme assay testing provides a significant competitive edge. The company adheres to globally recognized standards including ISO, GMP, REACH, Halal, FSSAI, Kosher, ZDHC, and D&B certifications.

In the Animal Health & Nutrition sector, Dovoy offers a comprehensive portfolio of feed additive solutions including enzymes, organic trace minerals, yeast-based products, antioxidants, immune modulators, gut health solutions, toxin binders, acidifiers, and lipid metabolism enhancers. These technologies are designed to improve nutrient utilization, gut health, productivity, and overall farm profitability, as shared by Mr. Anand Singh and Dr. Sumit Raja.

The visit was followed by an engaging podcast hosted by Ms. Dhanashri Shitole and Ms. Akanksha Sethi, where I shared my thoughts on the “Future of the Indian Poultry Feed Industry.” I look forward to its release of this Podcast in the coming days.

The visit provided valuable insights into how biotechnology, innovation, and scientific excellence are shaping the future of animal nutrition and sustainable livestock production. It was inspiring to witness Dovoy’s commitment to developing practical, performance-oriented solutions backed by robust research and field validation.

The 8th edition of the Global Talks Series presents an inspiring dialogue with Mr. Yiannis Christodoulou, a globally respected agribusiness executive and visionary leader. This edition delves into the dynamic intersection of technology, people, and modern poultry production, showcasing how Mr. Christodoulou’s pioneering initiatives are driving advancements in feed manufacturing, precision farming, and professional education across Asia Pacific. With nearly three decades of experience in feed technology, agribusiness leadership, and industry development, he offers a practical perspective that bridges innovation with real world industry needs. As Managing Director of Progressus and Agentis Innovations, and a board member of Innotuc, Mr. Christodoulou continues to champion technology driven growth, continuous professional development, and smarter poultry production systems—supporting the industry’s journey toward greater efficiency, sustainability, and global competitiveness.

Introduction
With nearly three decades of experience across Asia‑Pacific, Mr. Yiannis has worked closely with the animal production industry to address practical challenges, introduce modern technologies that drive industry modernization, and, most importantly, support people in advancing their careers and improving their quality of life. His commitment has always been to combine innovation with human development, ensuring that progress benefits both businesses and individuals.

In a recent conversation with Mr. Yiannis, I gained a deeper appreciation for the impact of the companies he has founded and continues to lead. It was inspiring to hear how Agentis Innovations has spearheaded the introduction of feed mill automation, highlighting its importance to Asia’s feed manufacturers.
Equally impressive is how Progressus has developed AgriSchools short courses, meeting the industry’s critical need for continuous learning and professional development. Mr. Yiannis also shared insights into his newest venture, Innotuc, a company he co‑founded to harness farm data and transform it into real‑time insights—empowering smarter decisions, stronger performance, and more efficient operations across poultry production.

Ricky Thaper: Can you explain how the business you are involved in are contributing and benefiting the Indian poultry industry
Yiannis : Collectively, Progressus Co., Ltd., Agentis Innovations Limited, and our newest venture, Innotuc Co., Ltd., serve as vital resource hubs for businesses pursuing expansion, success, and global competitiveness. Together, they provide the essential tools and expertise needed to drive industry advancement.

More specifically, these companies empower people with opportunities for continuous professional development while equipping organizations with the technologies required to embrace the new era of digitalization and automation. In doing so, they help strengthen both individual careers and corporate capabilities, ensuring the industry is well‑positioned for sustainable growth and modernization.

Progressus brings to India a wealth of global expertise in poultry innovation, strategic collaboration, and training tailored to Asia’s production conditions. Through structured technical courses for experienced professionals (AgriSchools), awareness‑raising forums, and specialized workshops on feed formulation, biosecurity, and sustainability, Progressus empowers farmers, integrators, and industry specialists to adopt modern practices that enhance efficiency and resilience. Training programs on precision nutrition, effective utilization of feed ingredients, modern feeding and management techniques, and closed‑house farming are among the topics directly requested by India’s poultry industry. Get a closer look at what Progressus has to offer at www.progressus.asia

At Agentis Innovations, the focus is on converting feed formulas into high‑quality physical feeds in the most effective, efficient, and sustainable manner—consistently and reliably. The poultry nutrition and feed formulation industry has long been at the cutting edge, often advancing faster than the operational capabilities of feed mill plants. Agentis Innovations bridges this gap by providing advanced automatic process control systems (SCADA), a vital technology for ensuring precision, consistency, and efficiency across every stage of production.

Founded in 2011, Agentis Innovations specializes in automation and process optimization for feed mills, premix plants, and grain processing and storage facilities. Its core expertise lies in feed milling, integrating advanced sensors, real‑time monitoring, and programming to develop automation systems tailored to the realities of Asian feed production. This focus ensures that customers consistently meet nutritional standards while reducing waste and variability, making Agentis Innovations a trusted partner for producers seeking to modernize and future‑proof their feed mills and premix operations. See more on this systems at
www.agentisinnovations.com

“Embracing technology is a must not a choice. Automation doesn’t replace people; it empowers them to make faster, smarter decisions with confidence.”
– Yiannis Christodoulou

Last but not least, our work has the potential to help Indian poultry farms become more profitable, modern, and appealing to the younger generation of farmers, while also providing the data needed to support the transparency that today’s buyers and consumer’s demand. At Innotuc, a Bangkok‑based agritech company, we are developing digital solutions that enable producers to monitor bird growth, feed consumption, and environmental conditions in real time.

For example, instead of relying on periodic manual weighing, Innotuc’s automatic weighing system continuously tracks flock growth and uploads accurate data to a dedicated cloud analytics engine and dashboard. This gives farmers real‑time visibility into bird performance, allowing them to quickly adjust feed, health, and management strategies. Similarly, our silo monitoring technology ensures feed inventory is always under control—reducing waste, preventing shortages, and improving cost forecasting.

Innotuc’s flagship cloud-based engine, InnoFarmPro, transforms farm data collected from our sensors into actionable insights, empowering farmers to make smarter, faster decisions. Automated data collection reduces labour needs, minimizes human error, and improves consistency across flocks. In short, Innotuc’s technology enables poultry farms to operate with precision, resilience, and competitiveness in an industry where margins are tight and efficiency is critical. At the same time, it makes poultry farming more attractive to younger generations, who are drawn to technology‑driven solutions over traditional manual operations. Get a closer look at what INNOTUC can do for you at www.innotuc.com

“The future of poultry is not just about producing more—it’s about producing smarter, with technology guiding every step.”

– Yiannis Christodoulou

Ricky Thaper: How do you see your connection to the Indian poultry industry in particular?
Yiannis : I will always have a soft spot in my heart for the people of India’s poultry industry. Since the beginning of my involvement there, I have been fortunate to meet, connect with, and build strong relationships with many talented, visionary, and passionate professionals from whom I have learned a great deal. I deeply value and nurture these connections, as they have enriched both my personal and professional journey.

A bit on who is Mr. Yiannis Christodoulou.
Born in Cyprus into a family of poultry farmers, Mr. Yiannis began his career in the poultry industry at a very young age. Today, he is a senior agribusiness executive and entrepreneur with deep expertise in animal nutrition, feed technology, and strategic leadership across Asia‑Pacific. He serves as the Managing Director of Agentis Innovations and Progressus, companies he founded and developed in order to advance innovation in feed milling, animal nutrition, and professional education for the livestock and aquaculture industries. His work consistently emphasizes innovation, sustainability, and knowledge transfer, positioning him as a key figure in shaping the future of the animal protein production industries in Asia.

Ricky Thaper : Message to the Indian poultry industry
Yiannis : India’s poultry industry has emerged as a global powerhouse, ranking second in egg production and among the top four broiler producers worldwide. It has achieved rapid growth while contributing significantly to nutrition security and rural employment. This success is a testament to the resilience, vision, and commitment of its professionals and their companies.

Looking ahead, the industry must balance its impressive growth with priorities such as food quality, environmental sustainability, and animal welfare, while remaining vigilant against challenges including shifting market dynamics, disease risks, and resource volatility in land, water, and raw material supply. In summary, India’s poultry sector has transformed into a mega‑industry and is positioning itself as a global leader.

In this exclusive interaction with Mr. Ricky Thaper discusses the critical issues shaping India’s poultry sector, including feed security, ethanol mandates, regulatory reforms, import policies, and sustainable strategies for future growth and competitiveness.

Poultry Creations: With the rapid modernization of India’s poultry sector, how do you foresee domestic feed-grain demand evolving in direct competition with ethanol mandates?

Ricky Thaper: At present, the Indian poultry industry, which has seen 7% to 8% annual growth in the last decade is valued at over $ 30 billion. The industry has transformed itself from following conventional farming practices to a modern commercial production system. However sustained supply of feed ingredients remains a key challenge. Poultry feed mostly consist of Maize (corn) 50-55% and Soybean Meal 20-25% and rest other feed ingredients and feed additives & nutrients.

Stating that there has been increasing diversion of maize towards industrial use and ethanol production, Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) in the vision document for poultry sector in 2047 had also stated “the current growth level of maize and soybean production in the country will be insufficient to meet the demand of the poultry industry.” The CII has urged the government to allow imports of genetically modified (GM) maize and soybean because of ‘unprecedented increase’ in feed prices.

The demand supply situation has entered a new phase especially maize, a key ingredient, has become India’s single-largest feedstock for ethanol. With growing demand for maize following the government’s future plans to expand ethanol blending program, may result in lesser supplies for poultry, dairy and aqua feed.

Poultry Creations: What regulatory alignments are most critical right now to ensure stable, cost-effective grain supplies for the growing poultry and livestock industry?

Ricky Thaper: To meet the growing needs of the livestock feed, the government needs to have an open import policy for sourcing maize and soybean meal from the various countries, irrespective of whether the crops are GM variants or not. With the competing demand from ethanol, starch and other sectors, feed ingredients imports should be open without any restrictions. In August, 2021, the government had relaxed import rules to allow the first shipment of 1.2 million ton of genetically modified (GM) soybean meal to support the domestic poultry industry after a record spike in feed prices. Poultry industry has urged the Government repeatedly to allow both import and cultivation of GM maize and soybeans to fulfil the requirement of these two major feed ingredients in the coming years. The sustainable supplies of feed in coming years would be crucial for the growth of the poultry industry.
Currently annual animal feed production is estimated close to 56 million tons which includes dairy feed 16.5 million tons, aqua feed 2.5 million tons and poultry feed 37 million tons. The feed ingredients are mostly maize and soybean meal About 60-65% of the output of maize is used as poultry and livestock feed while rest is used for industrial use.

In the 2025-26 crop year (July-June), the agriculture ministry has estimated maize production at 52 million tons while output estimate by trade is around 48 million tons. As per industry estimate, poultry industry used around 26 million tons of maize in feed while around 5.5 million tons used for dairy feed while around 6 million tons was used by starch industry and only 1.5 MT is used for human consumption. 1 million tons in alcohol and about 1 million tons in seed and wastage. Balance 8-10 MT of maize was diverted for ethanol production.

Poultry Creations: How can corporate agribusiness interests and national trade policies better synchronize to protect poultry margins during periods of commodity price spikes?

Ricky Thaper: The poultry sector is a vital sector of the livestock industry which provides employment to over 6 million people. While industry is witnessing a steady pace, sustainable feed supplies at reasonable prices would be crucial for the growth of the sector as feed prices constitute over 65% to 70% of the cost of production. Any increase in feed prices hit the margins of poultry farmers. The government has been focussing on growth of agriculture and allied sectors. There are several industries which require maize at their key raw material so the government should focus on. The current growth level of maize production in the country will be insufficient to meet the demand of the poultry industry in coming years.
The soybean production cycle in India for the year 2025–26 has seen a notable downturn compared to the 2024–25 season. As per the data from the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (MoA & FW) or the Soybean Processors Association of India (SOPA), the consensus is clear: production fell sharply due to a combination of lower acreage, extreme weather and falling yields.

Government Estimate is 12.60 Million Tons and the Industry Estimate (SOPA Ground Survey) | is11.03 Million Tons The Government numbers track total theoretical agricultural output, while SOPA’s numbers heavily filter for commercial availability, market arrivals and clean seed weight available to crushing mills.

Three main factors compressed the 2025–26 harvest compared to the previous year:
1. Reduced Cultivation Acreage – Farmers actively shifted some of their land away from soy due to weaker market-yard prices observed mid-2025, from 118.31 Lakh Hectares (2024–25 Acreage) to 112.14 Lakh Hectares (2025–26 Acreage), a decline of roughly 5.2%

2. Depressed Yields per Hectare – Climate abnormalities took a heavy toll on the plants during critical growth phases. The national average crop yield dropped from 1,089 kg per hectare in 2024–25 down to 983 kg per hectare in 2025–26.

3. Weather Anomalies and Crop Disease – Excessive & Uneven Rains: The monsoon brought flash water-logging in low-lying areas during the initial phase, causing localized washouts that required re-sowing. Later, prolonged heavy rains during the critical harvesting time damaged crop quality, yielding smaller grain sizes and higher moisture content. Pest Pressures: Key growing belts saw infestations of Yellow Mosaic Virus and aerial blight, which severely stunted pod development.

Because total commercial availability for crushing fell dramatically to10.40 Million Tons (compared to over 12.32 Million Tons in 2024–25), the domestic crushing industry has faced severe supply shortages. This raw material deficit is the primary driver behind the rocketing local meal prices and the collapse of the export trade.

Another major challenging area is the dried distillers’ grains with soluble (DDGS) from maize, a key by-product of ethanol production, are not of desired quality for feed and the toxins levels are high. The challenge is that this toxin affected DDGS when used in feed will set into food chain.

Poultry Creations: What sustainable growth models are proving successful in insulating the Indian poultry sector from global supply chain shocks?

Ricky Thaper: The poultry industry, like other agriculture sectors, is subject to the supply and demand scenario, market structures and Government policies. An open import policy on animal feed ingredient would go a long way meeting the demand of livestock and poultry feed. Several south Asian countries including Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka have allowed imports of GM Maize and GM soybean / soymeal. The GM soybean / soybean meal and Maize imports should be allowed with a fixed quota during off or non-harvesting season here so that it does not adversely impact the farmers’ price realisation. Reduction in import duties on these feed ingredients in the poultry feed should be announced soon.

As the demand and supply gap between consumption and production of feed grows, liberalised imports of soybean meal and maize would mitigate the problems and keep the prices under check. With the competing sector demanding maize supplies, liberalising policy on import is of paramount importance for sustainable growth of the poultry sector which is growing at a steady pace with the rising demand of protein enriched food.

The 7th edition of the Global Talks Series presents an inspiring conversation with Ms. Tori Sorensen, a globally respected advocate for sustainable agriculture, soybean processing, and animal nutrition education. This edition explores Tori Sorensen’s journey from her farm roots in Iowa to becoming a global voice in soy innovation and protein security. Through her leadership at Insta-Pro International and contributions with U.S. Soybean Export Council (USSEC), she has helped advance feed processing technologies, sustainable animal nutrition, and global education initiatives across more than 100 countries. As former Chair of the Soy Excellence Center (SEC) Committee, Tori played a leading role in strengthening global training programs for feed manufacturing and agribusiness professionals, including the establishment of SEC India. Her work continues to inspire the poultry and livestock industries through innovation, education, and a strong commitment to global protein security.

Career Summary:
In a world where global food systems face sustainability and production challenges, Tori Sorensen has built a career focused on advancing global agriculture through education and communication in soybean processing and animal nutrition. As Marketing Director for Insta-Pro International, she has helped expand the company’s global presence by promoting sustainable feed processing solutions across international markets. Outside her position at Insta-Pro, Tori has become a thought leader and a staunch advocate for sustainable agriculture practices and education on soybean processing.

Early Career/Background:
Raised on a farm in southeast Iowa, agriculture and the value of hard work played a defining role in shaping Tori’s life and career. She experienced the realities of farm life first hand by detasseling corn, walking beans, helping with the family grain bin business, and learning to drive a tractor before she even learned to drive a car.
Like many farm families impacted by the 1980s farm crisis in the United States, her family faced significant hardship, including losing their farm and home at auction. Those experiences left a lasting impact and helped shape her perspective on resilience, opportunity, and education. Inspired by her father’s belief that “they can take everything from you, but they can’t take away your education.” Sorensen developed a deep passion for agricultural education and leadership development, which continues to influence her work in her global agriculture outreach today.

Marketing Director at Insta-Pro International:
As current Marketing Director for Insta-Pro International, Tori Sorensen has helped build global partnerships focused on soybean processing, feed efficiency, and animal nutrition education. Working with customers and distributors in more than 100 countries, for the last 12 years, she has supported international outreach efforts that promote high-shear dry extrusion technology and sustainable soy processing solutions for poultry, livestock, and feed production. Her role often combines technical education with relationship-building, helping connect feed producers and processors around the world with U.S. soy innovation and processing expertise.

Global Partnerships and Outreach:
Through her leadership at Insta-Pro International and former volunteer positions at USSEC, Tori has leveraged her expertise and resources to lead workshops, presentations, technical trainings, and international outreach programs focused on soybean processing and animal nutrition education. By combining Insta-Pro’s expertise in high-shear dry extrusion and feed processing with USSEC’s global education initiatives, she has helped connect producers, nutritionists, feed mills, and agribusiness leaders from across the globe with practical knowledge on feed efficiency, soybean meal quality, and sustainable protein production. Her work centers on creating collaborative learning opportunities that strengthen industry partnerships while advancing the understanding of U.S. soy technologies in global markets.

USSEC Leadership:

In addition to her role at Insta-Pro International, Tori has also served in several leadership positions with the U.S. Soybean Export Council (USSEC), including Board of Directors (2019-2025) founding Chair of the SEC (Soy Excellence Center) Committee (2019-2025) and Co-Chair of the Animal and Aquaculture Utilization Team from 2017 to 2019. As Chair of the SEC she led the establishment and growth of the educational programs designed to train emerging leaders in feed manufacturing and agribusiness across the globe. The centers focus on advancing animal nutrition, supporting sustainable protein production, and strengthening international trust in U.S. soybean quality and processing technologies.

Spotlight on India & USSEC SEC
As Chairwoman, Tori led the SEC global presence, in four regions – Americas, Asia, MENA, and Sub-Saharan Africa with focused Centers in Thailand, Egypt, Nigeria, and established in 2024, India.

With 1.4 billion people strong and a rapidly growing economy, India is one of the worlds largest and most diversified food producers with agriculture contributing to over 20% of the economy. Challenged with a young workforce and unique market needs, the SEC program aligned with the Indian government’s focus on skills development for youth, making them ready for jobs under the ‘Skills India’ initiative.

In 2024; Tori, along with 14 Industry Leaders from India and the SEC Global Advisory Panel, held its inaugural meeting in Mumbai. This meeting provided guidance and direction on tailoring SEC offerings to solve key training challenges and operational hurdles in India’s food and agribusiness operations.

During her tenure as Chairwoman of the SEC, Tori led this transformative training program, preparing over 20,000 participants globally with the skills needed to be future-ready. Making her a strong advocate for global protein security through soy innovation and animal nutrition. A fitting legacy to her father’s belief in the importance, permanence and impact of education.

“Education is the most sustainable investment we can make for the future of global agriculture. When we empower people with knowledge, innovation, and opportunity, we strengthen food security and create a better future for generations to come.” 

— Tori Sorensen

Dr Eckel Animal Nutrition GmbH & Co. KG, Germany, a global animal nutrition specialist company organised World Tour 2026 Conference at Hotel Avani Riverside, Bangkok on March 14, 2026 which was attended by 90 over delegates from 12 countries which was addressed by eminent speakers.

In the year 1994, Dr. Antje Eckel, CEO, founded the company Dr. Eckel Animal Nutrition, aimed at ensuring animal nutrition is healthier, more animal-friendly and more sustainable. Over the next three decades, the family business grew into a globally successful provider of alternative animal feeding solutions. Other key persons associated with the company are Dr. Bernhard Eckel, Vice President – Sales, Dr. Viktor Eckel, Managing Director-Products and Innovation, Mr. Theo Eckel Head-Purchase and Ms. Klara Eckel, Product Manager.

World Tour 2026 Conference started with the opening remarks by Dr. Andreas Lewke, Managing Director (Thailand) Dr. Eckel Animal Nutrition. Dr Andreas Lewke has more than two decades of experience in Asia and a strong focus on sustainable, innovative animal nutrition. Dr. Eckel Animal Nutrition from their Bangkok office, the team has worked closely with integrators, feed mills and farmers across Asia and their main interest is how innovative, sustainable nutrition concepts can support both healthy animals and healthy profits. Dr. Andreas Lewke said today

Dr. Eckel Animal Nutrition is one of the international specialists for phytogenic solutions based on plant-derived active ingredients and their products are used in poultry, swine, ruminant and aquaculture nutrition around the world. The aim is always the same: to help the customers achieve direct and long-term success with healthy growth, high-quality products and efficient, resource-friendly production.

Dr. Viktor Eckel, Managing Director, Dr. Eckel Animal Nutrition in his keynote address highlighted “Plants Paving the Way for Future Animal Nutrition.

From the very beginning Dr. Eckel Animal Nutrition has focused on innovative feed additives that combine animal health, performance and sustainability. Dr. Viktor Eckel continues to shape the future of plant-based solutions and next-generation feed additives for animal nutrition. countries on almost all continents. He said the company’s products are manufactured in Germany to the highest quality standards. More than 75% of the raw materials requirement are sourced from European Union countries thus ensuring shorter supply routes and flexible manufacturing processes. Experts associated with the company from more than 20 countries are working towards ensuring the company’s growth.

After Coffee Braek, Dr. Anne Möddel, Team Lead Technical Sales, Dr. Eckel Animal Nutrition gave presentation on “Choosing the Right Phytogenic Solution to Achieve Your Goals”. At Dr. Eckel, Dr. Anne Möddel serves as a key technical contact for sales teams, partners and customers, providing in-depth expertise on phytogenics and monogastric nutrition. Her nice presentation was followed by Lunch.

Post Lunch, Dr. Nancy Salamanca, DVM, Ph.D., Independent Consultant & Professional Lecturer gave presentation on “Making Antibiotic-Free Farming Work: A Nutritionist’s Perspective”. Dr. Nancy Salamanca highlighted the importance of targeted feed solutions, gut health management, and practical nutritional approaches that help producers maintain animal performance while reducing reliance on antibiotics.

Dr. Le Van Phan, DVM, PhD, Assoc. Professor, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Head. Laboratory of Viral Infectious Diseases, Center for Research Excellence and Innovation, Vietnam National University of Agriculture gave update on ASF outbreaks in Vietnam (2019–2025) – Insights and Lessons Learned. It was privilege to hear the insights and research contributions of eminent Speakers.

Dr. Bernhard Eckel, Vice President, Dr. Eckel Animal Nutrition spoke on “Closing Reflections & Future Outlook”. Dr. Bernhard said their company has a motto – act local and think global. Dr. Eckel Animal Nutrition establishes sustainable social and ecological conditions across its product value chains as its products are sold globally and have wide footprints. By embracing such innovations, Dr Eckel protects the livestock but also contributes to a healthier, more efficient, and eco-friendly agricultural future for the world. The company participates in all the global livestock and poultry events for expanding outreach of its unique products.

Events like this truly highlight the value of global collaboration, knowledge sharing and industry connections. It was nice opportunity for me to learn, connect and exchange practical knowledge with professionals from many countries. Thanks to Dr. Eckel Team and the speakers for creating such an important global platform for knowledge sharing.

Importance of Livestock and Poultry Sector in India

India’s livestock sector plays a crucial role in the country’s agricultural and economic landscape, supporting the livelihoods of millions by providing employment, income and nutritional security. Poultry and livestock sector provides essential inputs for sustainable farming practices, ensuring the country’s food security. India’s poultry industry is currently valued at $ 30 billion which engages over six million people (both directly as well indirectly) and the poultry industry has grown rapidly over the past decade. Indian poultry industry is now one of the most efficient producers of broiler meat and eggs globally, due to well established integrated companies, contract farming and a strong domestic market.

Rising Growth and Feed Demand Imbalance
The livestock sector – dairy, poultry, fisheries and allied sector is witnessing a much faster growth than the agriculture crops (Soybeans & Maize), there is apprehension that domestic feed production may not be able to ensure steady supplies while exposing the sector to price volatility. The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) in its vision document 2047 for the Indian poultry sector has also mentioned that the sector is growing at a healthy rate of 8% annually and could see further acceleration. Availability of good quality feed ingredients and their prices are major challenges for manufacturing of good quality compound feeds.

Role of India–US Interim Trade Agreement
Under the recently announced India-US interim-trade, the decision to eliminate or cut duties on a range of items from the US including dried distillers’ grains (DDGs) and red sorghum, is likely to ensure steady supplies of animal feed in coming years. Commerce minister Piyush Goyal had stated that India will provide quota-based duty concessions on DDGs to the US under the deal. Feed demand is projected to grow faster than domestic supply, making large scale imports necessary by the early 2030s. Domestic production of energy sources like maize and protein sources like soymeal often fall short of growing demand of the poultry, dairy and fisheries sector.

Feed Cost Pressure and Need for Imports
Domestic feed supply is increasingly constrained by limited arable land and productivity gaps. The feed costs constitute 60% to 65% of the cost of the production of the animal husbandry sector any volatility in the feed prices lead to rise in cost of production and subsequent rise in prices. Thus, feed imports, especially of reduced or zero duty imports of soybeans / soybean meal and maize, can help bridge the demand-supply gap. Imports from established origins such as US soy can provide consistent, high-quality protein during periods of domestic tightness. When used judiciously, imported soy can help smooth feed costs, improve formulation consistency, and enable feed manufacturers to meet the quality benchmarks demanded by large integrators and processors.

Growing Demand for Protein and Feed
With increase in income and urbanisation as demand for dairy and poultry products increases, according the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) in its report titled ‘The Growing Demand for Animal Products and Feed in India’ has stated that at the current growth in the productivity of maize and soybean, would not be able to meet rising demand of feed. Feed demand is projected to grow faster than domestic supply, making large scale imports necessary by the early 2030s. “By ensuring a timely and cost-effective supply of these essential feed ingredients, the government is directly addressing the challenge of feed inflation. This will not only stabilise production costs for farmers but also ensure that high-quality protein remains affordable,”

Industry Concerns Over Feed Availability
Several National and State level Poultry Associations in a recent communication to Shri Rajiv Ranjan Singh, Union Minister of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Government of India, has raised concern about availability and rising price of soybean meal in the country which pose risk to poultry production. The sector fears a crisis, which can severely affect livestock production and consumer prices. With nearly seven months until the next harvest of domestic soybean products, sustaining poultry production at viable cost will be difficult, directly impacting egg and chicken prices and overall inflation. Even maize prices have witnessed volatility as demand for the grain is rising not only because of rise in animal feed demand but also its being used for making ethanol and other industrial use.

Future Demand Projections (2047 Vision)
India’s population is around 1.4 billion and is projected to be approximately 1.53 billion by 2047. This increase in population directly correlates with the higher demand for food including eggs and chicken. Per capita poultry meat and eggs are expected to be 15 kg and 200 eggs annually by 2047. Around 38 million tonne (MT) of broiler feed and 34 MT of layer feed will be required in 2047. At 30% penetration rate, cattle feed requirement will be around 90 MT in 2047. Fish and shrimp feed required will be around 7 MT in 2047.

Way Forward: Ensuring Sustainable Feed Supply
Ensuring sustainable feed supplies in coming years would be a key challenge for the sector. By ensuring cost-effective supply of animal feed ingredients, the government can directly address the challenge of feed inflation. This will not only stabilize production costs for poultry, dairy and aqua farmers but shall also ensure that high-quality protein remains affordable for the consumers. The interim deal with the US provides a window of opportunity for allowing feed ingredients imports which is expected to boost the sustainable growth of the India’s poultry sector in the coming years.

Abstract
Over the past several decades, India’s poultry industry has transformed from traditional backyard rearing dominated by small-holders to a highly commercialized, vertically integrated, large-scale industrial sector. This metamorphosis has propelled India into the ranks of global leaders—particularly in egg production—and has reshaped domestic food security, nutrition profiles, rural livelihoods, and export potential. This paper traces the historical evolution, charts recent growth and statistical milestones, analyses the key drivers, assesses socio-economic and nutritional impacts, discusses challenges, and outlines future opportunities. Despite structural constraints — notably feed-cost pressures, infrastructure gaps, and export competitiveness — the scale and dynamism of India’s poultry sector position it as a potential global game changer.

1. Introduction
The poultry sector in India has undergone a dramatic transformation over the past few decades. Once dominated by small backyard flocks used for household consumption, today it constitutes one of the most dynamic, fast-growing segments of India’s agricultural and livestock economy. The shift toward commercial-scale, vertically integrated poultry farming has enabled unprecedented growth in egg and meat production, improved accessibility of affordable protein, triggered export growth, and provided livelihoods to millions.

2. Historical Background and Structural Transition
2.1 Traditional Poultry Practices
Traditionally, poultry farming in India was characterized by backyard rearing — small flocks of indigenous birds managed by rural households, primarily for eggs and occasional meat consumption. These birds lay far fewer eggs compared to modern commercial breeds; typical indigenous hens would produce perhaps 60–80 eggs per year. This model, while suiting subsistence and household needs, offered limited scale, low efficiency, and negligible surplus for commercial sale or export. As a result, India’s poultry sector remained underdeveloped for long, especially when compared to large-scale poultry industries in Western countries.

2.2 Emergence of Commercial & Hybrid Poultry Farming
The transformation began with gradual adoption of improved and hybrid poultry breeds, combined with investments in hatcheries, feed mills, broiler farms, processing units, and cold-chain infrastructure. Modern hybrid layer birds now produce significantly more eggs, and broiler breeds grow to market weight in just 35–42 days — a far cry from the slower growth rates of traditional birds.
Technological advances in breeding, feed formulation, veterinary care, and disease management made poultry farming more efficient, reliable, and profitable. Small-scale poultry rearing began to give way to commercial and vertically integrated operations, wherein a single enterprise manages parent stock, hatcheries, feed supply, rearing, processing, and distribution. This structural shift laid the foundation for rapid scaling up of production, improved quality, and the capability to meet urban and rural demand, as well as to explore export markets.

2.3 Integration into the Livestock Value Chain
Over time, poultry became part of a broader livestock value-chain, along with dairy, meat, fisheries, etc. According to an industry review, the livestock sector — including poultry — has seen a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7.9% between 2014–15 and 2020–21, and its contribution to total agricultural Gross Value Added (GVA) rose from 24.3% to 30.1%. Thus, poultry moved from a peripheral, subsistence-level role to an integral, high-growth segment of India’s agricultural economy.

3. Scope and Scale of Growth: Recent Data & Trends

3.1 Egg Production: Unprecedented Scale
– According to the latest data from the Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA), total egg production in India during 2024–25 was 138.38 billion eggs.
– The most recent government data for 2024–25 reports 149.11 billion eggs, indicating continued growth.
– Of this, commercial poultry contributes the bulk: ~129.16 billion eggs from commercial farms, while ~20.11 billion come from backyard poultry — i.e., roughly 85.40% commercial and 14.60% backyard.
– The per capita availability of eggs in 2024–25 is estimated at 106 eggs/year.
These numbers indicate a massive scaling up of egg production — a cornerstone of India’s poultry revolution.
The distribution of production across states is concentrated: the top five egg-producing states in 2022–23 were Andhra Pradesh (≈ 20.13%), Tamil Nadu (≈ 15.58%), Telangana (≈ 12.77%), West Bengal (≈ 9.93%), and Karnataka (≈ 6.51%) — together accounting for about 65% of the national total.
This regional concentration reflects climatic, infrastructure, and industry-cluster advantages in southern and eastern India.

3.2 Poultry Meat & Broiler Production
While egg production often gets the spotlight, broiler-meat production has also witnessed rapid growth: broiler meat in India is estimated at around 5 million tonnes annually.
As per a recent government annual report (2024-25), per-capita meat availability (across all meats) rose — poultry’s growing share contributed significantly.
Moreover, the poultry feed industry — critical for meat and egg production — has expanded: poultry feed production was reported at 27 million metric tons per year (as of 2022), supporting the massive poultry stock and enabling economies of scale.

3.3 Economic Market Size and Forecasted Growth
– According to a 2025 market analysis by Expert Market Research (EMR), India’s poultry market was valued at USD 30.46 billion in 2024.
– The same analysis projects a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8.1% during 2025–2034, with the market size expected to reach USD 66.37 billion by 2034.
– Government-published projections also show a growth trajectory, with increasing demand driven by urbanization, rising incomes, changing dietary habits, and organized retail/food-processing sectors. These economic data reflect that poultry is now not just a subsistence activity but a major agribusiness sector with significant economic value.

4. Drivers of the Poultry Boom
The rapid rise of poultry in India can be traced to a confluence of demographic, economic, technological, structural, and policy factors.

4.1 Rising Incomes, Urbanization, and Changing Dietary Patterns
India’s growing middle class, rising per-capita income, and increasing urbanization have driven dietary transitions. Eggs and chicken — as relatively affordable, high-quality animal proteins — have become more accessible and acceptable across economic classes.
As diets diversify, there is increasing demand from Tier II and Tier III cities, alongside traditional urban centres. The rising awareness regarding nutrition and protein deficiencies further fuels demand for poultry.

4.2 Commercialization & Vertical Integration
One of the most transformative structural changes is the emergence of vertically integrated poultry enterprises. These enterprises manage parent stock and grandparent stock, hatcheries, feed mills, broiler/layer farms, processing units (slaughterhouses, dressing plants), cold-chain logistics, and distribution networks.
Such integration facilitates economies of scale, reduces transaction and marketing costs, ensures biosecurity, standardizes quality, and enables efficient supply of eggs and meat — at prices affordable to consumers and margins viable for producers. Additionally, the shift in market preference — from live birds being sold locally to processed, dressed, chilled or frozen chicken, packaged eggs, egg-powder, and other value-added products — has accelerated formalization and industrialization of poultry value-chains.

4.3 Growth of Feed Industry, Input Supply & Technology
A robust feed industry underpins commercial poultry operations. Balanced feed — based on maize, soybean meal, etc. — ensures rapid growth, better productivity, and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR). Advances in veterinary care and disease management further buttress productivity.
Simultaneously, investments in hatcheries, processing infrastructure, cold-chain logistics, meat-processing plants, egg-packing and grading units have created a viable ecosystem for large-scale production and distribution.
These developments mark a shift from fragmented, household-level poultry rearing to organized, industry-scale poultry farming.

4.4 Market Demand, Nutrition Awareness & Institutional Push
Growing awareness of protein deficiency and the nutritional benefits of eggs and lean meat has increased demand among Indian consumers. Poultry — being relatively more affordable than red meat and easier to integrate into diets — is increasingly preferred.
Furthermore, expanding organized retail chains, food-service industries, and fast-food outlets have increased demand for processed/chilled chicken and value-added egg/poultry products, providing a stable market for producers.
Government support — through enabling infrastructure, policies facilitating feed availability (corn, soy), support for processing units, and export promotion via the APEDA framework — has played a supportive role.

5. Socio-Economic and Nutritional Impacts

5.1 Food Security & Protein Access
India has long faced challenges of protein-energy malnutrition and inadequate intake of high-quality animal protein, especially among lower-income households. The dramatic rise in poultry — eggs and chicken — offers a scalable, affordable, and accessible solution to improve protein intake across a wide swath of the population.
With per-capita egg availability at ~106 eggs/year, and increasing meat availability, poultry contributes substantially to bridging the “protein gap.”
Eggs, in particular, represent one of the highest-quality proteins per rupee and are more affordable than most red meats, making them an effective vehicle for nutritional security, especially among economically weaker sections.

5.2 Livelihood Generation, Rural Employment, and Value-Chain Jobs
The poultry value-chain — from hatcheries, feed mills, poultry farms, processing plants, cold-chain logistics, transport, retail outlets — employs millions of people across urban, rural, and semi-urban India. The shift from subsistence-level backyard poultry to organized, commercial poultry creates diverse jobs beyond traditional crop agriculture.
Moreover, contract-farming models enable smallholders to participate in poultry production without bearing full risk. Under these models, integrators supply chicks, feed, veterinary care; farmers rear birds under supervision, and integrators buy back the produce. This ensures stable income for rural households and reduces production risk.
Thus, poultry acts as an engine for rural income diversification, reducing dependence on traditional agriculture and enhancing rural livelihoods.

5.3 Economic Contribution & Agriculture Diversification
As noted earlier, the livestock sector — dairy, meat, poultry, fisheries — has increased its share of agricultural Gross Value Added (GVA) from ~24.3% to ~30.1% between 2014–15 and 2020–21, indicating rising economic significance.
The poultry segment, in particular, contributes significantly to this growth. The rising market valuation (USD 30.46 billion in 2024, projected to reach USD 66.37 billion by 2034) underscores poultry’s importance in national agribusiness and food systems.
Thus, poultry provides a viable pathway for agricultural diversification beyond crop-based farming, offering resilience against crop failures, diversification of rural income sources, and buffer against agricultural uncertainties.

6. India’s Position in Global Poultry Landscape

6.1 Global Rankings in Egg and Meat Production
India is now among the top producers globally: according to APEDA, India ranks 2nd globally in total egg production.
On the meat front, India is among the leading producers of poultry meat worldwide; various sources place India among the top 5 globally in broiler meat production.
This is a remarkable achievement, especially considering India’s recent transition from traditional poultry rearing — underscoring how rapidly the industry has scaled.

6.2 Export Growth & Global Reach
According to APEDA data, in fiscal year 2023–24, India exported 1,275,234.90 metric tons of poultry products, valued at USD 184.58 million.
Major export destinations include Gulf and nearby countries such as Oman, Sri Lanka, Maldives, United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Qatar.
The growth of processing units — producing dressed chicken, frozen meat, egg powder, frozen egg-yolk, etc. — has facilitated exports, especially given rising global demand for affordable poultry protein.
According to market research, the availability of digitally integrated cold-chain logistics, temperature-monitored supply chains, and compliance with international standards are enabling Indian poultry producers to build trust among institutional buyers and global QSR chains.
These developments suggest that India is not only catering to domestic demand but is also increasingly competitive on the global poultry stage.

7. Challenges and Constraints
Despite its remarkable rise, India’s poultry sector faces several structural and external constraints that can hinder long-term sustainability and global competitiveness.
7.1 Feed Price Volatility and Input Cost Disadvantage
A major challenge lies in feed costs — especially maize (corn) and soybean meal, which form the bulk of poultry feed. Compared to many major poultry-exporting countries, feed price in India is significantly higher. For instance, industry officials report domestic corn costs at ₹23–25/kg versus ₹14/kg in competing countries; soybean meal is ~30% more expensive domestically.
Feed constitutes around 80–85% of total production cost in poultry farming, according to industry associations.
This cost disadvantage undercuts competitiveness in export markets where producers operate at lower feed costs, making poultry from India relatively costlier. Consequently, despite production scale, India may find it harder to compete globally on price.

7.2 Infrastructure Gaps: Processing, Cold Chain & Value Addition
While the number of poultry dressing plants and processing units has grown, large-scale, export-ready modern processing plants remain relatively limited. According to a 2024–25 report, only a small fraction of slaughterhouses and meat-processing plants are formally registered with export authorities.
Moreover, cold-chain infrastructure — essential for frozen chicken, chilled meat, egg-powder, and other value-added products — remains uneven across geographies. This hinders consistent supply, quality control, and scalability of exports.
Limited processing capacities, hygienic standard compliance, packaging, traceability, and cold-storage infrastructure collectively constrain India’s ability to fully exploit export potential and to realize value-added processing at scale.

7.3 Biosecurity, Disease Risk, and Regulatory Challenges
Large-scale poultry farming carries inherent disease risks — from avian influenza to other pathogens. Maintaining biosecurity, veterinary care, bird health monitoring, and adherence to sanitary standards is critical. However, regulatory enforcement, veterinary infrastructure, and disease surveillance remain patchy in many regions.
Inadequate disease control or outbreak events can lead to flock losses, supply disruptions, price volatility, and erosion of consumer confidence — domestically and internationally. This remains a systemic risk for large-scale poultry operations in India.

7.4 Domestic Consumption Economy vs Export Incentives
Although India is a large poultry producer, per-capita consumption remains relatively modest: per capita chicken consumption is estimated at only 6–7 kg per person per year; per capita egg consumption at ~106 eggs/year.
Given the enormous domestic market — with over 1.4 billion people — many industry players emphasise catering to internal demand rather than exports. As quoted in industry reports: “With such a vast domestic population and high protein-deficiency, why export?”
This dynamic sometimes conflicts with export-oriented ambitions, especially when input costs or global competition make exports less profitable.

7.5 Feed-Input Constraints & Agricultural Linkages
Poultry feed depends heavily on maize and soybean meal — both agricultural commodities subject to domestic production variability, input price volatility, and competition from other sectors (e.g., ethanol, livestock feed for dairy, etc.). Recent global and domestic trends — including policies favouring biofuel and ethanol production — can affect corn availability and price. Any sustained rise in feed costs directly impacts profitability, which in turn affects the scalability and sustainability of poultry operations. For India to remain competitive globally, securing low-cost, reliable feed supply — possibly through agricultural policy, supply chain efficiency, or alternative feed sources — is essential.

8. Opportunities: Why India Could Be a Global Game Changer
Despite the challenges, several structural and market advantages position India’s poultry sector to scale further — domestically and internationally — and potentially become a global “poultry powerhouse.”

8.1 Massive Domestic Market & Rising Protein Demand
India’s vast population — over 1.4 billion — continues to urbanize, with rising incomes and changing consumption patterns. Demand for high-quality, affordable protein (eggs, chicken) is likely to increase substantially in coming decades. If per-capita consumption trends rise — even if not to the global average — the sheer population base means demand volumes will be enormous. This offers massive growth potential for domestic poultry producers. With nutrition awareness growing and dietary preferences shifting, poultry (especially eggs and lean chicken meat) is poised to become a staple source of animal protein for many more Indians.

8.2 Scaling Exports — Value Addition, Processed Products & Cold-Chain Gains
India’s existing production scale, combined with expansion of processing capacity, cold-chain logistics, and compliance to international sanitary standards, can help build a robust export-oriented poultry infrastructure.
Processed products — frozen dressed chicken, cuts, egg powders, frozen egg-yolk, ready-to-cook chicken products — tested through cold-chain logistics and standard packaging, can meet demand in international markets, especially in the Middle East, Africa, Southeast Asia, and South Asia.
With disciplined investments in processing plants, hygiene standards, traceability, and supply-chain management, India can become a reliable supplier of low-cost poultry proteins — challenging traditional exporters.

8.3 Employment, Rural Development, and Agro-Industrial Linkages
Scaling poultry farming and allied value-chains (feed mills, hatcheries, processing, logistics, retail) can generate substantial employment across rural and semi-urban India. This helps diversify rural livelihoods, reduce dependence on crop agriculture, and provide stable income sources.
Moreover, development of allied industries — feed, veterinary, packaging, cold-storage, transport — can spur agro-industrial growth, infrastructure development, and rural entrepreneurship.

8.4 Nutrition Security & Public Health Benefits
Expanding poultry production — particularly eggs — can significantly improve access to affordable, high-quality protein and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals) for millions of Indians. This can contribute to reducing undernutrition, improving child and maternal health, and enhancing overall public health outcomes.
Eggs — relatively cheap, nutrient-dense, and widely acceptable — can be a cornerstone for nutrition security programs, school feeding schemes, and basic food security for underprivileged populations.

8.5 Scope for Innovation: Breeding, Feed Alternatives, Value-Added Products
India’s poultry industry is still evolving; there remains considerable scope for innovation:
– Development of feed substitutes — to reduce dependence on maize/soybean, manage costs, and improve sustainability.
– Genetic improvements: breeding for disease-resistance, improved feed-conversion ratio (FCR), higher egg yield, faster growth.
– Value-added products: ready-to-cook chicken, processed meats, egg-based foods, frozen foods, packaged convenience foods.
– Export-oriented product lines: chilled/frozen chicken, processed eggs, egg powders — to serve export markets efficiently.
With innovation, India can leapfrog traditional production constraints and define a competitive advantage beyond just “low cost”.

9. Policy, Strategy and Institutional Implications
For India to realize the full potential of its poultry sector — domestically and globally — a multilayered strategy is needed, involving producers, industry stakeholders, government, and trade policy. Key policy/strategic implications:

1. Feed Security & Agricultural Policy Coordination
– Promote stable production of maize, soybean, and other feed inputs.
– Encourage alternative feed sources, research for cost-efficient feed, feed-substitutes.
– Consider trade or subsidy policies to manage feed costs, ensure affordability for poultry producers.
2. Infrastructure & Cold-Chain Development
– Invest in modern processing plants, meat-processing units, hygienic slaughterhouses.
– Expand cold-chain logistics, refrigerated transport, cold-storage — to support frozen meat and processed poultry export.
– Promote compliance with international sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) standards to facilitate exports.
3. Support for Value-Addition & Export Diversification
– Encourage production of value-added poultry products (frozen meat, frozen egg products, ready-to-cook, packaged eggs).
– Incentivize export-oriented units, possibly through special economic zones, tax/ subsidy support, export facilitation, capacity-building.
4. Rural Livelihoods & Smallholder Inclusion
– Expand contract-farming models for smallholders to participate without high capital risk.
– Provide training, extension services, veterinary support to small-scale producers.
– Support backyard poultry schemes (especially in underserved regions) to enhance nutrition and livelihoods at grassroots.
5. Biosecurity, Animal Health & Regulatory Oversight
– Strengthen veterinary infrastructure, disease surveillance, vaccination, biosecurity protocols.
– Enforce hygiene, traceability, slaughterhouse standards to ensure food safety and export compliance.
6. Nutrition and Public Health Initiatives
– Incorporate eggs and poultry into national nutrition programs (school feeding, maternal health, child nutrition).
– Promote awareness of nutritional benefits of eggs and poultry among lower-income communities.
By aligning agricultural, trade, public health, and industrial policies — India can catalyse a “poultry-led transformation” that enhances food security, rural livelihoods, export earnings, and nutritional outcomes.

10. Critical Analysis & Risks Ahead
While the trajectory of Indian poultry is impressive, several critical risks and trade-offs deserve careful consideration.

10.1 Price and Input Volatility
As noted, feed costs — largely driven by maize/soybean prices — are a major vulnerability. Global commodity price fluctuations, domestic supply constraints, competition from other sectors (e.g., biofuel), and policy shifts can render feed expensive, eroding margins and pressuring prices.
This volatility may disincentivise producers, hinder scaling, or push up consumer prices — undermining affordability, nutritional access, and export competitiveness.

10.2 Infrastructure & Institutional Bottlenecks
Despite growth in processing and cold-chain capacity, much of India’s poultry still operates in fragmented, small-scale settings. Export-ready, large-scale processing infrastructure remains limited; regulatory compliance, traceability, hygiene standards, packaging — all need strengthening.
Inequities in infrastructure across states can lead to regional disparities, inefficiencies, and quality variations — which may hurt long-term competitiveness.

10.3 Disease Risk, Biosecurity, and Animal Welfare
Large-scale poultry farming increases the risk of disease outbreaks (e.g., avian influenza), which can have severe economic and public health impacts. Maintaining biosecurity, veterinary care, regular health monitoring, and outbreak preparedness is essential but challenging — especially in regions with limited veterinary infrastructure or poor compliance.

Additionally, large-scale industrial poultry farming may raise concerns about animal welfare, environmental impacts, waste management, and antibiotic use — all of which could invite public scrutiny and regulatory pressures.

10.4 Domestic Consumption Patterns & Cultural/ Dietary Constraints
Despite rising demand, per-capita consumption of eggs and poultry meat remains well below global averages. Cultural, religious, economic constraints, and dietary preferences (e.g., vegetarianism) in large segments of Indian population limit poultry consumption.
Moreover, price-sensitive consumers might substitute to cheaper proteins or plant-based diets if poultry prices rise, or if supply becomes unstable — reducing demand stability.

10.5 Export Competitiveness & Global Competition
India faces stiff competition from major poultry exporting countries (e.g., USA, Brazil, EU nations) with established supply chains, lower feed costs, advanced processing facilities, and established brand/trade relationships. Given the feed-cost disadvantage, infrastructural constraints, and regulatory complexities (sanitary standards, trade barriers) — competing in global markets at scale may be challenging. Therefore, India’s success internationally would depend not just on production volume, but on quality, value addition, logistics, compliance, cost management, and strategic trade policy.

11. Case Study / Illustrative Example: State-wise Dynamics & Regional Patterns
While nationwide data reflects aggregate success, the poultry boom in India is unevenly distributed, with certain states contributing disproportionately.
As per APEDA and recent government reports, the leading egg-producing states (2022–23) are Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, West Bengal, and Karnataka — together contributing around 65% of the national egg output.
This concentration reflects a combination of favourable climate, established commercial poultry enterprises, better infrastructure (hatcheries, feed mills, processing plants), transport connectivity, and market access — particularly in southern and eastern India.
In contrast, many northern and central states remain under-represented in poultry output, due to factors such as climate (cold, variation in temperature), lesser infrastructure, underdevelopment of feed and processing industries, lower investments, and limited integration into commercial value-chains.
This uneven distribution has important implications: for achieving equitable growth, food-security across regions, and maximizing national potential, efforts are needed to expand poultry infrastructure and capacities beyond existing hubs — into under-served states and rural areas.
Moreover, encouraging smallholder inclusion via contract farming or backyard poultry schemes can help spread benefits more widely, especially in less-developed states.

12. Future Outlook & Strategic Recommendations
Given the structural dynamics, market trends, and socio-economic context, the future of Indian poultry looks promising — provided certain strategic and policy measures are adopted. Below are key recommendations and outlook:
1. Promote Feed-Security & Cost Efficiency
– Invest in domestic maize/soybean production to ensure stable input supply.
– Research and promote alternative, cost-effective feed sources (e.g., agricultural by-products, insect-based proteins, sustainable feed substitutes).
– Introduce policy measures to stabilize feed prices (subsidies, buffer stocks, trade facilitation) to strengthen cost competitiveness.
2. Expand Processing, Cold-Chain, and Value-Added Capacities
– Encourage establishment of modern, export-ready processing plants and meat-processing units across more states.
– Build cold-chain logistics, storage infrastructure, refrigerated transport to support frozen meat and egg-product exports.
– Incentivize production of value-added products (frozen chicken cuts, frozen egg-powder, ready-to-cook chicken, processed meat) to cater to global markets and institutional buyers.
3. Support Smallholders & Inclusive Models
– Scale up contract-farming models to incorporate small farmers, reducing entry barriers, sharing risk, and ensuring supply stability.
– Provide extension services, veterinary support, training, access to credit/inputs for smallholders and backyard poultry farmers.
– Expand backyard-poultry and rural poultry schemes — especially in underserved states — to ensure nutrition security and rural income generation.
4. Strengthen Biosecurity, Animal Health & Regulatory Compliance
– Build veterinary infrastructure, disease surveillance systems, vaccination programs, and biosecurity protocols nationwide.
– Enforce hygiene, slaughterhouse standards, traceability, packaging and sanitary norms to meet domestic consumption and export requirements.
– Implement environmental and animal-welfare guidelines to ensure sustainability and ethical practices.
5. Facilitate Exports & International Competitiveness
– Use trade policy, export facilitation, and negotiated sanitary / phytosanitary (SPS) agreements to access new markets.
– Promote brand-building for “Made in India” poultry: emphasize quality, compliance, cost advantage.
– Encourage exports of processed poultry and egg products — which add more value than raw/fresh meat.
6. Promote Nutrition & Public Health through Poultry Products
– Integrate eggs and poultry into national nutrition and food-security programs (e.g., school meal schemes, maternal/child nutrition).
– Run awareness campaigns about the nutritional benefits of eggs and chicken.
– Encourage socially inclusive models (rural backyard poultry, low-cost egg supply) to reach low-income populations.
If executed, these strategies can help India not only sustain its rapid growth, but also emerge as a global supplier of affordable, high-quality poultry and egg products, while enhancing domestic nutrition and rural livelihoods.

13. Conclusion
The rise of Indian poultry — from small-scale backyard flocks to a large, organized, commercially viable industry — represents one of the most transformative developments in India’s agricultural and food landscape. The scale of egg and meat production, economic value, and socio-economic impact is unprecedented. India now ranks among the world’s top producers of eggs and poultry meat; domestic production volumes run into hundreds of billions of eggs and millions of tonnes of meat annually. The economic market is vast and growing; the value chain has formalized; demand — both domestic and potential global export — is substantial. At the same time, structural challenges — feed-cost disadvantages, infrastructure gaps, regulatory and biosecurity risks — remain real constraints. How India addresses these issues will determine whether its poultry sector merely remains a domestic success or becomes a global game changer. Nevertheless, given India’s demographic advantage, rising protein demand, improving infrastructure, institutional support, and potential for value-addition and exports — the poultry sector is well-positioned for further growth, impact, and global integration.
In essence, the rise of Indian poultry is not just an agricultural success story — it is a potential driver of nutritional security, rural development, economic growth, and global trade share. With strategic vision, policy support, and sustainable practices, India could transform poultry production into one of the key pillars of 21st-century agribusiness and food security — both nationally and globally.

Feed Cost Volatility & Raw Material Availability in the Indian Poultry Sector

Prof. (Dr.) P.K. Shukla and Dr. Amitav Bhattacharyya
Department of Poultry Science, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mathura (U.P.)
– President, Indian Poultry Science Association.
– Chairman, Scientific Panel 13 of FSSAI on Meat and Meat Products including poultry.
– Vice President, World Veterinary Poultry Association(I)

Abstract
Feed constitutes the largest single cost component in commercial poultry production, typically accounting for 60–75% of total production cost. In India, volatility in feed costs and irregular availability of key raw materials (maize, soybean/soybean meal, rapeseed meal, fishmeal, and others) have created recurring pressures on producer margins, market stability and food security. This article examines the drivers of feed cost volatility in the Indian poultry sector, assesses patterns of raw material availability, and evaluates short- and medium-term strategies used by industry and policymakers to manage risk. We synthesise recent market evidence (2023–2025), identify structural vulnerabilities—such as dependence on a narrow set of feed ingredients, fragmented procurement, and policy mismatches—and review practical mitigation strategies including alternative feed ingredients, feed formulation optimisation, vertical integration, risk-sharing contracts, and public policy interventions (market intelligence, buffer stocks, and targeted support). The article concludes with recommendations for research priorities and policy measures to improve resilience of the poultry value chain to feed cost and supply shocks. Key messages include: (1) diversification of feed ingredient base and adoption of precision feed formulation can materially reduce vulnerability; (2) industry–government coordination on trade and stock policy is essential to stabilise domestic supplies without harming producers or farmers; and (3) investment in local value chains (oilseed processing, maize storage, and by-product utilisation) plus real-time price information systems are high-impact, actionable steps.

Keywords
Feed cost, volatility, raw material availability, poultry, maize, soybean meal, rapeseed meal, India, risk management

1. Introduction
Poultry production in India is a rapidly expanding sector that plays a major role in animal-sourced protein supply and rural livelihoods. Feed cost remains the dominant expense for broiler and layer operations; fluctuations in feed ingredient prices directly translate into margin volatility for producers and price variability for consumers. The Indian feed matrix is dominated by maize (energy) and oilseed meals—primarily soybean meal—as the primary sources of energy and protein respectively. Rapid changes in global commodity markets, domestic crop yields driven by weather variability, policy changes (tariffs, minimum support prices), and trade disruptions have amplified feed input volatility in recent years. Reports and market analyses from 2023–2025 document episodic spikes and falls in ingredient prices, with corresponding effects on broiler and egg producers and regional market dislocations.

This paper systematically analyses drivers of feed cost volatility and raw material availability in India’s poultry sector, evaluates consequences across the value chain, and presents mitigation strategies with policy recommendations.

2. Scale and composition of poultry feed demand in India
The Indian poultry feed market is large and growing; recent industry estimates place the market value in 1.11 billion USD in 2024, with poultry feed comprising the lion’s share of the animal feed market. Poultry feed typically represents 60–75% of the cost of broiler production (varying by system and region), and maize and soybean meal together form the largest portion of feed formulations. Market reports project continued growth driven by rising protein demand, urbanisation and improved cold-chain and retail infrastructure and the Market size is expected to touch 2.02 billion USD by 2033.

3. Key feed raw materials: roles and supply characteristics

3.1 Maize (corn)
Maize is the principal energy source in poultry rations. Domestic maize production in India is concentrated in certain states (Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and others) and is highly seasonal. Maize price at mandis shows substantial spatial variability and seasonality; mandi price dashboards indicate continuing price swings across districts and markets. Maize accounts for a large share of the feed mix and therefore small percentage price changes in maize can significantly change total feed cost.
3.2 Soybean and soybean meal
Soybean is the main oilseed in India; soybean meal derived from oil extraction is the major protein source in poultry feed. Soybean/ soymeal price movements are influenced by domestic sowing area, yields, global soybean markets (U.S., Brazil, Argentina), and policy levers such as import/export duties and MSPs. Price indices show notable volatility over 2023–2025, impacting meal costs for feed mills.

3.3 Rapeseed/rape meal and other oilseed meals
Rapeseed meal and other oilseed by-products can substitute partially for soybean meal, depending on amino acid profile and anti-nutritional factors. Global demand shifts (for example, China’s import changes) can affect availability and price of rapeseed meal. Recent trade flows have seen China increase purchases of Indian rapeseed meal, affecting local supply-demand dynamics.

3.4 Fishmeal, meat-bone meal, and other protein concentrates
Fishmeal is used in some high-performance rations but is expensive and subject to marine resource constraints and import dynamics. Alternative protein sources (pulses, by-products, microbial proteins) remain in experimental or pilot phases for large-scale adoption in India.

3.5 By-products and alternative ingredients (DDGS, bakery waste, millet, pulses)
By-products (distillers dried grains with solubles—DDGS), local pulses, oilseed cakes, and agricultural residues can be used in formulations. Their utilisation depends on consistent supply, nutritive value, cost, and processing infrastructure.

4. Drivers of feed cost volatility

Feed cost volatility arises from an interplay of supply-side and demand-side factors. Major drivers include:
4.1 Weather, crop yields and climate risks
Weather shocks (droughts, unseasonal rains, floods) directly affect maize and soybean harvests. India’s monsoon variability and localised extreme events have produced year-on-year yield swings that ripple into feed markets.
4.2 Global commodity markets and trade linkages
Soybean and maize are global commodities; shifts in harvests in Brazil, the US and Argentina, along with currency movements and shipping costs, influence Indian domestic prices—especially when domestic supply is insufficient and imports or exports respond. For soymeal, global price trends were an important factor in 2024–2025 price fluctuations.
4.3 Policy and trade measures (MSP, import/export duties, subsidies)
Government measures such as minimum support prices (MSP) for oilseeds, import duty changes, and export controls can abruptly change domestic availability and prices. For example, MSP changes and state procurement interventions for soybeans and maize have been signalled as drivers of local price movements. Industry commentary has pointed to expected MSP-related maize/soybean price increases and consequent feed-cost pressure.
4.4 Biofuel and competing demand
Increasing demand for biofuels (producing ethanol from maize or oilseed-derived biodiesel) and food processing (edible oil demand) can redirect feed-grade grains toward other uses, tightening availability for feed.
4.5 Supply-chain and storage losses
India’s post-harvest handling, limited cold-storage/controlled-environment large-scale feed reserves in some regions, and fragmented procurement by smallholder farmers contribute to localized shortages and price spikes during lean months.
4.6 Disease outbreaks and market sentiment
Avian influenza outbreaks periodically depress demand for poultry meat and disrupt distribution channels, complicating producers’ ability to manage feed purchases and inventories. Downward price shocks in broiler market can lead to abrupt feed demand reductions (and vice versa), creating cyclical volatility.

5. Recent evidence (2023–2025): patterns and episodes
Recent studies and market reports highlight episodic volatility. Industry analyses and rating-agency reports documented significant corrections in broiler prices in early 2025 due to demand shocks from disease events, and analysts reported large swings in feed ingredient costs during FY2024–25. Price series for soybean meal and maize show variability across months, with soybean meal monthly indices demonstrating notable up-and-down swings in 2023–2025. Industry associations warned of feed-cost increases of 7–8% in specific years owing to MSP hikes and lower oilseed crops, and regional news reported local maize price increases that narrowed poultry margins.

6. Impact on poultry producers and value chain

6.1 Producer margins and market stability
Given feed’s dominant share in production cost, price increases in maize or soybean meal quickly compress producer margins. Smaller and mid-size producers—operating with narrow working capital—are particularly vulnerable and may be forced to reduce stocking density, delay restocking or exit, causing supply-side shocks.
6.2 Consumer prices and food security
Large feed cost shocks can translate into higher retail prices for meat and eggs, impacting affordability and consumption patterns, especially for low-income consumers.
6.3 Contract farming and backward linkages
Feed volatility influences contracting: integrators that can secure raw materials through backward integration or long-term contracts are better cushioned. Small independent farmers, by contrast, face higher input-price risk.
6.4 Investment and sectoral growth
Unpredictable input costs deter long-term investment in production capacity and in value-chain improvements (cold chain, processing), affecting sectoral growth trajectories.

7. Industry and technical mitigation strategies

To manage feed cost volatility and raw material shortages, poultry producers and feed mills deploy a combination of technical, commercial and managerial strategies:
7.1 Feed formulation optimisation and least-cost formulations
Modern feed mills use least-cost linear programming and precision formulation to rebalance rations when ingredient prices shift—substituting cheaper yet nutritionally acceptable ingredients while maintaining performance. Adoption of real-time formulation tools and laboratory quality checks improves response speed.
7.2 Ingredient substitution and use of alternatives
Use of alternative protein/energy sources (rapeseed meal, sunflower meal, local pulses, DDGS, millet by-products, and processed oilseed cakes) can reduce dependence on soybean meal. However, substitution must account for amino acid balance, digestibility, and anti-nutritional factors. Industry publications and trade articles list practical alternatives but caution about scale and consistency of supply.
7.3 By-product valorisation and localised sourcing
Using agro-industrial by-products (bakery waste, oil-extraction cakes from local mills, brewery wastes, and vegetable-processing residues) can lower costs if processed to ensure feed hygiene and nutritive stability.
7.4 Vertical integration and contract farming
Integrators invest upstream in feed mills, oilseed crushing units, maize procurement and storage. Contract farming for maize and oilseeds can secure supplies but requires well-designed contracts, extension services, and price-sharing mechanisms.
7.5 Hedging, forward buying and inventory management
Larger companies hedge exposure through forward purchase contracts, forward pricing arrangements, and by maintaining strategic inventories at critical times. Smaller producers lack these instruments; cooperatives or producer groups can pool purchases.
7.6 Feed efficiency and management
Improving feed conversion ratio (FCR) via genetics, health management, and precision feeding reduces feed required per unit of product and partially offsets price pressure.

8. Policy and institutional options
Policy measures and institutional mechanisms can mitigate volatility and improve raw material availability:
8.1 Market intelligence, price transparency and early warning systems
Timely, disaggregated market data on mandi prices, stock levels, and international signals helps stakeholders make informed procurement decisions. Public–private platforms can disseminate such data.
8.2 Trade policy calibration and temporary measures
Careful use of tariffs, import concessions and export restrictions can be deployed temporarily to stabilise domestic availability, but must be calibrated to avoid perverse incentives for farmers and traders. For example, import duties on vegetable oil and oilseed-derived products were adjusted in 2025 to support local farmers; such policies have complex downstream effects for feed users.
8.3 Encouraging domestic oilseed and maize production
Longer-term measures include supporting oilseed and maize productivity—through R&D, improved seeds, extension, and post-harvest storage—to reduce dependency on imports and narrow seasonal supply gaps.
8.4 Strategic buffer stocks and credit support
Targeted buffer stocks (at state or cooperative level) for critical feed ingredients and credit facilities for feed procurement during lean months can stabilise supplies for small producers.
8.5 Quality and safety standards for alternative ingredients
Regulatory clarity on the use of non-conventional ingredients and by-products (including testing, permissible inclusion rates, and safety) would accelerate adoption of substitutes.

9. Case studies and illustrative examples
9.1 Regional maize price surge impacting Namakkal farmers (Tamil Nadu)
Regional media reported maize price increases (e.g., reports of maize price rising from Rs 2,400 to Rs 2,800 per quintal in certain contexts), which narrowed producer profits and illustrated how regional price swings can rapidly erode margins in poultry-dense areas.
9.2 Anticipated feed-cost increase due to MSP and oilseed dynamics
Industry associations warned in 2025 that government MSP changes and expected soybean crop responses could raise feed costs by 7–8% in a season, highlighting the sensitivity of poultry margins to policy-induced price movement.
9.3 Rapeseed meal trade and global demand shift
Trade news in 2025 showed China increasing purchases of Indian rapeseed meal following tariffs on Canadian supplies; this affected local availability and price dynamics of an alternative protein feed ingredient. This example shows how distant policies can have immediate consequences for domestic feed availability.

10. Strategic recommendations (short-, medium-, long-term)

Below are actionable recommendations organised by time horizon and stakeholder.
10.1 For producers and industry (short to medium term)
1. Adopt dynamic feed formulation tools (least-cost and nutrient-constraint optimisers) to respond rapidly to price changes.
2. Farm purchasing cooperatives among small/mid-size producers to aggregate demand and negotiate forward contracts.
3. Invest in feed efficiency via genetics, health management (biosecurity, vaccination), and precision feeding to reduce FCR.
4. Explore regional alternative ingredients (subject to safety and nutritional validation) to diversify supply.
10.2 For feed manufacturers and integrators (short to medium term)
1. Backward integrate into oilseed crushing and maize procurement where feasible.
2. Strengthen quality-control labs to validate alternative ingredients and mix consistency.
3. Use hedging and forward buying selectively; offer producer-friendly contract products for small farmers.
10.3 For policymakers (medium to long term)
1. Enhance market transparency: Build or support real-time price and stock platforms for feed raw materials.
2. Calibrate trade policy to avoid unintended domestic shortages—use time-limited import concessions when domestic shortages are acute.
3. Support oilseed and maize productivity: incentivise improved seed adoption, crop diversification and investment in storage.
4. Facilitate safe use of by-products: create standards and guidelines for utilisation of agro-industrial by-products in feed.
5. Promote research on alternative protein sources (microbial proteins, insect meal, and pulses) to reduce long-run dependence on a narrow ingredient base.

11. Research gaps and future directions
Key research areas that could strengthen resilience include:
– Nutritional evaluation and scaling pathways for novel proteins (insect meal, single-cell proteins) under Indian conditions.
– Socio-economic studies of contracting models that allow input price risk-sharing between integrators and farmers.
– Systems-level modelling of supply shocks and policy responses to evaluate trade-offs between farmer incomes, consumer prices and food security.
– Life-cycle assessments of alternative feed ingredients to ensure environmental sustainability with cost-effectiveness.

12. Conclusion
Feed cost volatility and raw material availability are structural challenges for the Indian poultry sector with both immediate and long-term implications. The dominance of maize and soybean meal in the ration, combined with weather sensitivity, global market linkages, and policy dynamics, creates recurring vulnerability.
However, a combination of industry practices (formulation optimisation, alternative ingredients, vertical integration), collective action (cooperatives, contract purchasing), and well-calibrated policy measures (market information, targeted trade measures, productivity support) can materially reduce exposure and enhance resilience. Concerted action across stakeholders—feed mills, producers, input suppliers, researchers and policymakers—will be necessary to stabilise costs, protect producer margins, and ensure reliable, affordable availability of poultry products for consumers.

References are available on request.

Mr. Kevin Roepke, Regional Director, South Asia and Su Sahara Africa (SASSA), U.S. Soybean Export Council (USSEC) welcomed all delegates and introduced the Governed and other delegation members from Iowa.

This was followed by keynote address by Governor Kim Reynolds on Iowa-Freedom to Flourish. Mr. Mike Naig spoke on Iowa-India Ag cooperation. Mr. Nicole Podesta, Senior Agricultural Attaché, US Consulate, Mumbai spoke on USA-India Ag Cooperation. Mr. Randy Miller, USSEC Director gave nice presentation on Iowa Farming Technology Implementation. Mr. Sumit Gupta, CEO, WASEDA, gave an impressive presentation on India S&D imbalance.

Other speakers at the meeting were Mr. Divya Kumar Gulati, Chairman, CLFMA, Mr. Ricky Thaper, Mr. Sunil Kataria, CEO & MD, Godrej Agrovet Limited, Mr. Joe Dierickx, USSEC Director, Iowa Farm Bureau, Mr. Joe Robert’s, Director, Iowa Corn Promotion Board and Mr. Tom Adam, President, Iowa Soybean Association.
The Roundtable dialogue focused on advancing collaboration between Iowa and India in agriculture, agri science, renewable energy and allied sectors, building a stronger bridge for trade, technology and investment.

Mr. Franklin, Country Team Lead-India, USSEC gave closing remark. This was followed by the Networking Reception, attended by all invites, fostering new partnerships and collaborative opportunities.

It was nice to represent the poultry industry in such a strategic forum and contribute to advancing sustainable practices, innovative solutions, and strengthening the soy and poultry value chains in India. If we negate the effect of tariff, there are very good chances of import of US Soybean Meal by Indian Poultry Industry. The insights and learnings from this event will help drive positive impact and foster greater collaboration within the industry.